Seligmann Hervé
a Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, Faculté de Médecine, URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Université d'Aix-Marseille , Marseille , France.
Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal. 2016 Jul;27(4):2440-6. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1033691. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
Swinger DNAs are sequences whose homology with known sequences is detected only by assuming systematic exchanges between nucleotides. Nine symmetric (X<->Y, i.e. A<->C) and fourteen asymmetric (X->Y->Z, i.e. A->C->G) exchanges exist. All swinger DNA previously detected in GenBank follow the A<->T+C<->G exchange, while mitochondrial swinger RNAs distribute among different swinger types. Here different alignment criteria detect 87 additional swinger mitochondrial DNAs (86 from insects), including the first swinger gene embedded within a complete genome, corresponding to the mitochondrial 16S rDNA of the stonefly Kamimuria wangi. Other Kamimuria mt genome regions are "regular", stressing unanswered questions on (a) swinger polymerization regulation; (b) swinger 16S rDNA functions; and (c) specificity to rDNA, in particular 16S rDNA. Sharp switches between regular and swinger replication, together with previous observations on swinger transcription, suggest that swinger replication might be due to a switch in polymerization mode of regular polymerases and the possibility of swinger-encoded information, predicted in primordial genes such as rDNA.
摆动DNA是指那些只有通过假设核苷酸之间的系统性交换才能检测到与已知序列具有同源性的序列。存在9种对称交换（X<->Y，即A<->C）和14种不对称交换（X->Y->Z，即A->C->G）。此前在GenBank中检测到的所有摆动DNA都遵循A<->T + C<->G交换，而线粒体摆动RNA则分布在不同的摆动类型中。在这里，不同的比对标准检测到了另外87个摆动线粒体DNA（86个来自昆虫），包括第一个嵌入完整基因组中的摆动基因，它对应于石蝇王氏卡氏石蝇的线粒体16S rDNA。王氏卡氏石蝇的其他线粒体基因组区域是“常规的”，这凸显了关于（a）摆动聚合调控；（b）摆动16S rDNA功能；以及（c）对rDNA，特别是16S rDNA的特异性等未解决的问题。常规复制和摆动复制之间的急剧转变，以及之前关于摆动转录的观察结果，表明摆动复制可能是由于常规聚合酶聚合模式的转变以及摆动编码信息的可能性，这在诸如rDNA等原始基因中是可以预测的。
