Smith Michael J, Rogers Alison, Amso Nazar, Kennedy Julia, Hall Alison, Mullaney Peter
School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Institute for Translation, Innovation, Methodology and Engagement, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
Ultrasound. 2015 Feb;23(1):29-41. doi: 10.1177/1742271X14566067.
Diagnostic ultrasound of the shoulder is recognised as being one of the most technically challenging aspects of musculoskeletal ultrasound to master. It has a steep learning curve and makes gaining competency a time-intensive training process for both the trainee and their trainer. This article describes a training, assessment and feedback package developed within the framework of a Consortium for the Accreditation of Sonographic Education approved post-graduate ultrasound course. The package comprises: (i) a shoulder diagnostic ultrasound scan protocol with definition of findings, differential diagnosis and pro forma for recording scan findings, (ii) an assessment form for performance of shoulder diagnostic ultrasound scans with assessment criteria and (iii) a combined performance assessment and scan findings form, for each tissue being imaged. The package has been developed using medical education principles and provides a mechanism for trainees to follow an internationally recognised protocol. Supplementary information includes the differential diagnostic process used by an expert practitioner, which can otherwise be difficult to elicit. The package supports the trainee with recording their findings quickly and consistently and helps the trainee and trainer to explicitly recognise the challenges of scanning different patients or pathologies. It provides a mechanism for trainers to quantify and trainees to evidence their emerging competency. The package detailed in this article is therefore proposed for use in shoulder ultrasound training and its principles could be adapted for other musculoskeletal regions or other ultrasound disciplines.
肩部诊断超声被认为是肌肉骨骼超声中最难掌握的技术之一。它的学习曲线很陡，对于学员及其培训师来说，获得胜任能力是一个耗时的训练过程。本文介绍了在超声诊断教育认证联盟批准的研究生超声课程框架内开发的一套培训、评估和反馈方案。该方案包括：(i) 一份肩部诊断超声扫描协议，其中定义了检查结果、鉴别诊断以及记录扫描结果的表格；(ii) 一份肩部诊断超声扫描操作的评估表格，带有评估标准；(iii) 针对每个成像组织的综合性能评估和扫描结果表格。该方案是根据医学教育原则制定的，为学员提供了遵循国际认可协议的机制。补充信息包括专家从业者使用的鉴别诊断过程，否则很难获取。该方案帮助学员快速、一致地记录他们的检查结果，并帮助学员和培训师明确认识到扫描不同患者或病变的挑战。它为培训师提供了量化的机制，为学员提供了证明其能力提升的依据。因此，本文详细介绍的方案建议用于肩部超声培训，其原则也可适用于其他肌肉骨骼区域或其他超声学科。
