López-Ochoa Sebastian, Ramírez-García Marina, Castro-Sierra Eduardo, Arenas-Huertero Francisco
Laboratory of Research in Experimental Pathology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Avenida Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores 06720, México, DF, Mexico.
Laboratory of Psicoacoustics and Auditivy Physiology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Avenida Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores 06720, México, DF, Mexico.
Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:717509. doi: 10.1155/2015/717509. Epub 2015 Mar 19.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small sequences of nucleotides that regulate posttranscriptionally gene expression. In recent years they have been recognized as very important general regulators of proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, cell death, and others. In some cases, the characteristic presence of miRNAs reflects some of the cellular pathways that may be altered. Particularly medulloblastomas (MB) represent entities that undergo almost characteristic alterations of chromosome 17: from loss of discrete fragments and isochromosomes formation to complete loss of one of them. An analysis of the major loci on this chromosome revealed that it contains at least 19 genes encoding miRNAs which may regulate the development and differentiation of the brain and cerebellum. miRNAs are regulators of real complex networks; they can regulate from 100 to over 300 messengers of various proteins. In this review some miRNAs are considered to be important in MB studies. Some of them are miRNA-5047, miRNA-1253, miRNA-2909, and miRNA-634. Everyone can significantly affect the development, growth, and cell invasion of MB, and they have not been explored in this tumor. In this review, we propose some miRNAs that can affect some genes in MB, and hence the importance of its study.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类核苷酸小序列，可在转录后水平调控基因表达。近年来，它们被公认为是增殖、分化、黏附、细胞死亡等过程中非常重要的通用调节因子。在某些情况下，miRNA的特征性存在反映了一些可能发生改变的细胞途径。特别是髓母细胞瘤（MB）表现出几乎具有特征性的17号染色体改变：从离散片段的缺失和等染色体的形成到其中一条染色体的完全缺失。对该染色体上主要基因座的分析表明，它包含至少19个编码miRNA的基因，这些miRNA可能调节大脑和小脑的发育与分化。miRNA是真正复杂网络的调节因子；它们可以调节100至300多种不同蛋白质的信使分子。在本综述中，一些miRNA被认为在MB研究中很重要。其中包括miRNA - 5047、miRNA - 1253、miRNA - 2909和miRNA - 634。它们每一个都能显著影响MB的发育、生长和细胞侵袭，且尚未在该肿瘤中得到深入研究。在本综述中，我们提出了一些可能影响MB中某些基因的miRNA，因此对其研究具有重要意义。
