Vujisić Slavica, Vodopić Sanja, Radulović Ljiljana, Injac-Stevović Lidija
Acta Clin Croat. 2014 Dec;53(4):411-6.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities, depression and anxiety, among patients with epilepsy in the outpatient Clinic for Epilepsy, Clinical Centre of Montenegro. Patients aged 18 and above with a diagnosis of epilepsy for at least one year were consecutively enrolled during a six-month period. Patients anonymously filled out a questionnaire which included data on the gender, age, education, marital status and degree of seizure control. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were used to evaluate the presence or absence of anxiety and depression. Total number of study patients was 70, including 52 patients with partial seizures and 18 patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The mean patient age was 37 ± 7.92 years. The prevalence of depression in our sample was 32.8%, whereas the prevalence of anxiety was 21.4%. Patients with partial seizures were more depressed, while those with idiopathic generalized seizures were more anxious (p < 0.01). Depression was associated with a lower educational level, unemployment and poor seizure control (p < 0.05). The number of antiepileptic drugs showed a trend towards negative association with depression (p = 0.005). Anxiety was associated with the level of education and uncontrolled seizures (p < 0.01). Neither depression nor anxiety was associated with age, gender, marital status, age at onset and duration of epilepsy. Psychiatric disorders among patients with epilepsy are quite common but yet under-recognized. Therefore, appropriate recognition and efficient treatment of these disorders in patients with epilepsy might improve their quality of life and could consequently lead to better treatment success.
本研究旨在评估黑山临床中心癫痫门诊中癫痫患者的精神共病、抑郁和焦虑的患病率。在六个月的时间里，连续纳入了年龄在18岁及以上、诊断为癫痫至少一年的患者。患者匿名填写了一份问卷，其中包括性别、年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况和癫痫发作控制程度等数据。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAM-D）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAM-A）来评估焦虑和抑郁的存在与否。研究患者总数为70例，其中部分性发作患者52例，全身强直阵挛性发作患者18例。患者的平均年龄为37±7.92岁。我们样本中抑郁的患病率为32.8%，而焦虑的患病率为21.4%。部分性发作的患者更易抑郁，而特发性全身性发作的患者更易焦虑（p<0.01）。抑郁与较低的教育水平、失业和癫痫发作控制不佳有关（p<0.05）。抗癫痫药物的数量与抑郁呈负相关趋势（p=0.005）。焦虑与教育水平和未控制的癫痫发作有关（p<0.01）。抑郁和焦虑均与年龄、性别、婚姻状况、癫痫发作起始年龄和癫痫病程无关。癫痫患者中的精神障碍相当常见，但仍未得到充分认识。因此，对癫痫患者这些障碍的适当识别和有效治疗可能会改善他们的生活质量，并可能因此带来更好的治疗效果。
