Karpe Avinash V, Beale David J, Morrison Paul D, Harding Ian H, Palombo Enzo A
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia Land and Water Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, PO Box 56, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia
Land and Water Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, PO Box 56, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2015 May;362(10). doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnv060. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
This paper illustrates the application of an untargeted metabolic profiling analysis of winery-derived biomass degraded using four filamentous fungi (Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. citrinum) and a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Analysis of the metabolome resulted in the identification of 233 significant peak features [P < 0.05; fold change (FC) > 2 and signal-to-noise ratio >50] using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry followed by statistical chemometric analysis. Furthermore, A. niger and P. chrysogenum produced higher biomass degradation due to considerable β-glucosidase and xylanase activities. The major metabolites generated during fungal degradation which differentiated the metabolic profiles of fungi included sugars, sugar acids, organic acids and fatty acids. Although, P. chrysogenum could degrade hemicelluloses due to its high β-glucosidase and xylanase activities, it could not utilize the resultant pentoses, which A. niger and P. citrinum could do efficiently, thus indicating a need of mixed fungal culture to improve the biomass degradation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a non-cellulose degrader, exhibited sugar accumulation during the fermentation. Penicillium chrysogenum was observed to degrade about 2% lignin, a property not observed in other fungi. This study emphasized the differential fungal metabolic behavior and demonstrated the potential of metabolomics in optimizing degradation or manipulating pathways to increase yields of products of interest.
本文阐述了利用四种丝状真菌（哈茨木霉、黑曲霉、产黄青霉和桔青霉）及一种酵母（酿酒酵母）对酒厂来源的生物质进行降解的非靶向代谢谱分析的应用。代谢组分析通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用并结合统计化学计量分析，鉴定出233个显著的峰特征[P < 0.05；变化倍数（FC）> 2且信噪比> 50]。此外，由于具有相当的β - 葡萄糖苷酶和木聚糖酶活性，黑曲霉和产黄青霉产生了更高的生物质降解。真菌降解过程中产生的主要代谢物包括糖、糖酸、有机酸和脂肪酸，这些代谢物区分了真菌的代谢谱。虽然产黄青霉因其高β - 葡萄糖苷酶和木聚糖酶活性能够降解半纤维素，但它不能利用产生的戊糖，而黑曲霉和桔青霉能够有效利用，这表明需要混合真菌培养来提高生物质降解。酿酒酵母是一种非纤维素降解菌，在发酵过程中表现出糖积累。观察到产黄青霉能降解约2%的木质素，这一特性在其他真菌中未观察到。本研究强调了真菌代谢行为的差异，并证明了代谢组学在优化降解或操纵途径以提高目标产物产量方面的潜力。
