Barber Daniel J, Reinerman-Jones Lauren E, Matthews Gerald
University of Central Florida, Orlando.
University of Central Florida, Orlando
Hum Factors. 2015 May;57(3):471-90. doi: 10.1177/0018720814548063. Epub 2014 Aug 28.
Two experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility for robot-to-human communication of a tactile language using a lexicon of standardized tactons (tactile icons) within a sentence.
Improvements in autonomous systems technology and a growing demand within military operations are spurring interest in communication via vibrotactile displays. Tactile communication may become an important element of human-robot interaction (HRI), but it requires the development of messaging capabilities approaching the communication power of the speech and visual signals used in the military.
In Experiment 1 (N = 38), we trained participants to identify sets of directional, dynamic, and static tactons and tested performance and workload following training. In Experiment 2 (N = 76), we introduced an extended training procedure and tested participants' ability to correctly identify two-tacton phrases. We also investigated the impact of multitasking on performance and workload. Individual difference factors were assessed.
Experiment 1 showed that participants found dynamic and static tactons difficult to learn, but the enhanced training procedure in Experiment 2 produced competency in performance for all tacton categories. Participants in the latter study also performed well on two-tacton phrases and when multitasking. However, some deficits in performance and elevation of workload were observed. Spatial ability predicted some aspects of performance in both studies.
Participants may be trained to identify both single tactons and tacton phrases, demonstrating the feasibility of developing a tactile language for HRI.
Tactile communication may be incorporated into multi-modal communication systems for HRI. It also has potential for human-human communication in challenging environments.
进行了两项实验，以研究在句子中使用标准化触觉单元（触觉图标）词汇表进行机器人与人类触觉语言交流的可行性。
自主系统技术的进步以及军事行动中不断增长的需求，激发了人们对通过振动触觉显示器进行通信的兴趣。触觉通信可能成为人机交互（HRI）的重要元素，但它需要开发接近军事中使用的语音和视觉信号通信能力的消息传递能力。
在实验1（N = 38）中，我们训练参与者识别方向、动态和静态触觉单元集，并在训练后测试其性能和工作量。在实验2（N = 76）中，我们引入了扩展训练程序，并测试参与者正确识别双触觉单元短语的能力。我们还研究了多任务处理对性能和工作量的影响。评估了个体差异因素。
实验1表明，参与者发现动态和静态触觉单元难以学习，但实验2中增强的训练程序使所有触觉单元类别在性能上都达到了胜任水平。后一项研究中的参与者在双触觉单元短语和多任务处理时也表现良好。然而，观察到了一些性能缺陷和工作量增加的情况。空间能力在两项研究中都预测了性能的某些方面。
可以训练参与者识别单个触觉单元和触觉单元短语，这证明了开发用于人机交互的触觉语言的可行性。
触觉通信可纳入人机交互的多模态通信系统。它在具有挑战性的环境中进行人际通信也具有潜力。
