Zhuge Hai-jin, Li Xiao-wen, Zhang Xiang, Gao Feng, Xu Dong-hua
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2014 Dec;25(12):3483-90.
As a flagship and one of most endangered ungulates in the alpine desert of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the habitat conservation of Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) is vital to sustain its long-term population existence. In consideration of key habitat factors of the Tibetan antelope (i.e., food, topography and water source) as well as human interference factors like roads and settlements, the habitat suitability was modeled, and potential and valid suitable habitats were identified for Tibetan antelope in the alpine desert, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Furthermore, the conservation proportion index and conservation efficacy index were developed to facilitate the conservation assessment of three national reserves (i.e., Altun Mountain, Kekexili and Qiangtang) and their associated functional zones in the study area. The results showed that potential and valid area of suitable habitat across overall study area were 2.84 x 10(5) and 2.08 x 10(5) km2 respectively, with 16.1% of suitable habitat loss by human disturbance. At reserve level, the potential suitable habitats of Altun Mountain, Kekexili and Qiangtang were 2.01 x 10(4), 3.13 x 104 and 1.26 x 10(5) km2, which however decreased by 12.9%, 10.2% and 21.1% human disturbance respectively, indicating a prominent habitat fragmentation especially in Qiangtang National Nature Reserve (NNR). Although three NNRs had captured nearly 2/3 of the potential/valid suitable habitats with favorable conservation efficacy, there were still obvious conservation gaps outside the existing reserve network. At the functional zone level, buffer and experimental zones also showed significant conservation proportion and efficacy besides the core zone. Our research highlighted the necessity to optimize the existing re serve system by filling the conservation gaps, restructuring the functional zones and safeguarding the potential refuge habitats for those endangered ungulates in face of climate change.
作为青藏高原高寒荒漠地区的旗舰物种和最濒危的有蹄类动物之一，藏羚羊（Pantholops hodgsonii）的栖息地保护对于维持其种群的长期存续至关重要。考虑到藏羚羊的关键栖息地因素（即食物、地形和水源）以及道路和定居点等人类干扰因素，对栖息地适宜性进行了建模，并确定了青藏高原高寒荒漠地区藏羚羊的潜在适宜栖息地和有效适宜栖息地。此外，还制定了保护比例指数和保护成效指数，以促进对研究区域内三个国家级自然保护区（即阿尔金山、可可西里和羌塘）及其相关功能区的保护评估。结果表明，整个研究区域潜在适宜栖息地面积和有效适宜栖息地面积分别为2.84×10⁵平方公里和2.08×10⁵平方公里，适宜栖息地因人为干扰损失了16.1%。在保护区层面，阿尔金山、可可西里和羌塘的潜在适宜栖息地面积分别为2.01×10⁴平方公里、3.13×10⁴平方公里和1.26×10⁵平方公里，但分别因人为干扰减少了12.9%、10.2%和21.1%，表明栖息地破碎化现象突出，尤其是在羌塘国家级自然保护区。尽管三个国家级自然保护区已占据了近2/3的潜在/有效适宜栖息地，保护成效良好，但现有保护区网络之外仍存在明显的保护空白。在功能区层面，除核心区外，缓冲区和试验区也显示出显著的保护比例和成效。我们的研究强调，面对气候变化，有必要通过填补保护空白、调整功能区结构以及保护那些濒危有蹄类动物的潜在避难栖息地来优化现有保护区系统。
