Wang Xiangshi, Cai Jiehao, Yao Weilei, Zhu Qirong, Zeng Mei
Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China. Email:
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2015 Jan;36(1):27-30.
To monitor the epidemic pattern of influenza in children during the 2011-2012 season in Shanghai and to evaluate the socioeconomic burden of influenza in children.
We carried out a prospective surveillance program on influenza among children who visiting the outpatient clinic for influenza-like illness (ILI) between June 2011 and May 2012. Respiratory samples as well as related demographic and clinical data were obtained from the enrolled cases. Socio-economic burden was evaluated using the questionnaires for some of the confirmed cases during the outbreak.
Out of the 1 119 enrolled cases, influenza viruses were virologically confirmed, using the RT-PCR in 370 (33.1%) otherwise healthy children. Among them, 109(9.7%) were positive for influenza A/H3N2 viruses, and 279 (24.9%) were positive for influenza B viruses. The 2011-2012 seasonal outbreak of influenza among children with Shanghai residency started with the major outbreak of influenza B during December 2011-Feburary 2012, followed by the smaller outbreak of influenza A/H3N2 during March-April, 2012. A total of 69 influenza A/H3N2-infected cases and 163 influenza B-infected cases were surveyed to evaluate the influenza-associated disease burden. The average costs per case were 706.10 Yuan and the average indirect costs per case incurred by the work loss of family members were 293.80 Yuan, with the total average costs per case were 999.90 Yuan. Mean visits to medical settings were 2.7, with antibiotics used in 67.2% of the cases. Secondary household cases were seen in 21.1% of the cases. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 5.6% of the cases. The burden of disease increased from both influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B but without significant differences between them.
Influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B viruses caused outbreaks of influenza in children with Shanghai residency during the 2011-2012 season. Socioeconomic burden of influenza in children showed significantly direct impact on the sick children and an indirect impact on their families. Influenza vaccination should be recommended in children to reduce the disease burden.
监测2011 - 2012年上海儿童流感流行模式，并评估儿童流感的社会经济负担。
对2011年6月至2012年5月期间因流感样疾病（ILI）前来门诊就诊的儿童开展流感前瞻性监测项目。从纳入病例中获取呼吸道样本以及相关人口统计学和临床数据。通过对部分确诊病例在疫情期间进行问卷调查来评估社会经济负担。
在1119例纳入病例中，采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）在370例（33.1%）原本健康的儿童中病毒学确诊为流感病毒感染。其中，109例（9.7%）为甲型H3N2流感病毒阳性，279例（24.9%）为乙型流感病毒阳性。2011 - 2012年上海常住儿童流感季节性疫情始于2011年12月至2012年2月期间乙型流感的主要爆发，随后是2012年3月至4月期间甲型H3N2流感的较小规模爆发。共对69例甲型H3N2流感感染病例和163例乙型流感感染病例进行调查以评估流感相关疾病负担。每例平均直接成本为706.10元，家庭成员因误工产生的每例平均间接成本为293.80元，每例总平均成本为999.90元。平均就诊次数为2.7次，67.2%的病例使用了抗生素。21.1%的病例出现家庭二代病例。5.6%的病例诊断为肺炎。甲型H3N2流感和乙型流感导致的疾病负担均有所增加，但两者之间无显著差异。
甲型H3N2流感病毒和乙型流感病毒在2011 - 2012年期间导致上海常住儿童流感爆发。儿童流感的社会经济负担对患病儿童有显著直接影响，并对其家庭有间接影响。应建议儿童接种流感疫苗以减轻疾病负担。
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