Lickenbrock Diane M, Braungart-Rieker Julia M
Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, United States.
Infant Behav Dev. 2015 May;39:173-87. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.03.003. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
Taking an ecological systems perspective, early parent-child relationships can be affected by interactions between systems where some are more proximally linked to the child than others. Socioeconomic status, a distal factor, is associated with social functioning during childhood, but research on its association with functioning during infancy, particularly attachment, is scant and inconsistent. Moreover, it is not clear how distal factors affect infant functioning. Other systems such as marital adjustment and parenting may moderate or mediate relations between distal factors and infant attachment. The current longitudinal study (n=135) examined the role of various systems - parental resources, marital functioning, parental sensitivity and involvement - in early infancy (3-, 5-, 7-months) on infant-mother (12-months) and infant-father (14-months) attachment security. Findings supported moderating processes but in different ways for infant-mother versus infant-father dyads. Implications for future studies and interventions are discussed.
从生态系统的角度来看，早期的亲子关系会受到不同系统间相互作用的影响，其中一些系统与孩子的联系比其他系统更为直接。社会经济地位作为一个远端因素，与儿童期的社会功能相关，但关于其与婴儿期功能，尤其是依恋关系的关联研究却很少且不一致。此外，尚不清楚远端因素是如何影响婴儿功能的。其他系统，如婚姻调适和育儿方式，可能会调节或介导远端因素与婴儿依恋之间的关系。当前这项纵向研究（n = 135）考察了各种系统——父母资源、婚姻功能、父母敏感性和参与度——在婴儿早期（3个月、5个月、7个月）对婴儿与母亲（12个月）及婴儿与父亲（14个月）依恋安全性的作用。研究结果支持了调节过程，但在婴儿与母亲及婴儿与父亲二元组中的表现方式有所不同。文中还讨论了对未来研究和干预措施的启示。
