Hawlitschek O, Morinière J, Dunz A, Franzen M, Rödder D, Glaw F, Haszprunar G
Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB), Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, München, Germany.
Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
Mol Ecol Resour. 2016 Jan;16(1):242-53. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12416. Epub 2015 May 5.
We present the first comprehensive DNA barcoding study of German reptiles and amphibians representing likewise the first on the European herpetofauna. A total of 248 barcodes for all native species and subspecies in the country and a few additional taxa were obtained in the framework of the projects 'Barcoding Fauna Bavarica' (BFB) and 'German Barcode of Life' (GBOL). In contrast to many invertebrate groups, the success rate of the identification of mitochondrial lineages representing species via DNA barcode was almost 100% because no cases of Barcode Index Number (BIN) sharing were detected within German native reptiles and amphibians. However, as expected, a reliable identification of the hybridogenetic species complex in the frog genus Pelophylax was not possible. Deep conspecific lineages resulting in the identification of more than one BIN were found in Lissotriton vulgaris, Natrix natrix and the hybridogenetic Pelophylax complex. A high variety of lineages with different BINs was also found in the barcodes of wall lizards (Podarcis muralis), confirming the existence of many introduced lineages and the frequent occurrence of multiple introductions. Besides the reliable species identification of all life stages and even of tissue remains, our study highlights other potential applications of DNA barcoding concerning German amphibians and reptiles, such as the detection of allochthonous lineages, monitoring of gene flow and also noninvasive sampling via environmental DNA. DNA barcoding based on COI has now proven to be a reliable and efficient tool for studying most amphibians and reptiles as it is already for many other organism groups in zoology.
我们展示了对德国爬行动物和两栖动物的首次全面DNA条形码研究，这同样也是对欧洲爬行动物和两栖动物区系的首次此类研究。在“巴伐利亚动物区系条形码”（BFB）和“德国生命条形码”（GBOL）项目框架内，获得了该国所有本土物种和亚种以及一些其他分类单元的总共248个条形码。与许多无脊椎动物类群不同，通过DNA条形码识别代表物种的线粒体谱系的成功率几乎为100%，因为在德国本土爬行动物和两栖动物中未检测到条形码索引号（BIN）共享的情况。然而，正如预期的那样，无法对蛙属绿蛙的杂交起源物种复合体进行可靠识别。在普通滑蜥、水游蛇和杂交起源的绿蛙复合体中发现了导致识别出不止一个BIN的深度同种谱系。在壁蜥（意大利壁蜥）的条形码中也发现了具有不同BIN的多种谱系，证实了许多引入谱系的存在以及多次引入的频繁发生。除了对所有生命阶段甚至组织残骸进行可靠的物种识别外，我们的研究还突出了DNA条形码在德国两栖动物和爬行动物方面的其他潜在应用，例如检测外来谱系、监测基因流动以及通过环境DNA进行非侵入性采样。基于细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）的DNA条形码现已被证明是研究大多数两栖动物和爬行动物的可靠且高效的工具，就像它在动物学中的许多其他生物类群中一样。
