Preedy H C, Bailey M S
J R Nav Med Serv. 2014;100(3):238-43.
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by Leishmania protozoa, transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies. It causes a spectrum of clinical syndromes, of which the most common are cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Clinical presentation is highly variable and is dependent on multiple factors, such as Leishmania species and patient characteristics (including immune competence). The relationship between these variables is poorly understood, and there is no single, evidence-based treatment for the disease. Currently management focuses on identification of the species, but this requires specialist tests which are often unavailable, particularly on military operations. Leishmaniasis is of particular relevance to military medical personnel as it is endemic in many tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, including Belize, Iraq and Afghanistan where UK Armed Forces may be deployed. It can present a potentially serious threat to military personnel deployed in endemic areas due to the possibility of long-term sequelae of infection.
利什曼病是一种由利什曼原虫引起的传染病，通过白蛉叮咬传播。它会引发一系列临床综合征，其中最常见的是皮肤利什曼病和内脏利什曼病。临床表现高度多变，取决于多种因素，如利什曼原虫种类和患者特征（包括免疫能力）。这些变量之间的关系尚不清楚，而且该疾病没有单一的、基于证据的治疗方法。目前的管理重点是确定虫种，但这需要专业检测，而这种检测往往无法进行，特别是在军事行动中。利什曼病对军事医务人员尤为重要，因为它在世界许多热带和亚热带地区流行，包括伯利兹、伊拉克和阿富汗，英国武装部队可能会在这些地区部署。由于感染可能产生长期后遗症，它可能对部署在流行地区的军事人员构成潜在的严重威胁。
