De Soir Erik, Versporten Ann, Zech Emmanuelle, Van Oyen Herman, Mylle Jacques, Kleber Rolf, van der Hart Onno
Department of Scientific and Technological Research, Royal Higher Institute for Defense, Avenue de la Renaissance 30, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
Arch Public Health. 2015 Apr 13;73(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s13690-015-0066-z. eCollection 2015.
A longitudinal study was conducted in order to assess the impact of the Ghislenghien disaster (July 30th, 2004) on physical, mental and social health in the affected population. The present study explored the risk for the development of four types of mental health disturbances (MHD) due to exposure to different aspects of this technological disaster in comparison with data obtained from previous health surveys among the population of the same province.
Surveys were conducted 5 months (T1) and 14 months (T2) after the disaster. Potential adult victims (≥15 years) were included (n = 1027 and 579 at T1 and T2 respectively). The "Symptom Checklist-90-Revised" (SCL-90-R) has been used in order to compute actual prevalence rates of somatization-, depression-, anxiety- and sleeping disturbances for three defined exposure categories: direct witnesses who have seen human damage (SHD), direct witnesses who have not seen human damage (NSHD) and indirect witnesses (IW). Those prevalence rates were compared with overall rates using the inhabitants of the province of Hainaut (n = 2308) as reference population. A mental health co-morbidity index was computed. Relative risks were estimated using logistic regression models.
Prevalence rates of the four MHD were much higher for the SHD than for the other exposure groups, at T1 and T2. Moreover, NSHD and IW had no increased risk to develop one of the 4 types of MHD compared to the reference population. The SHD had at T1 and T2 good 5-times a higher risk for somatization, about 4-times for depression and sleeping disorders, and 5- to 6-times for anxiety disorders respectively. Further, they suffered 13 times, respectively 17 times more from all mental disorders together.
The present study calls attention to the fact that mental health problems disturbances are significantly more prevalent and long-lasting among survivors who have directly been exposed to human damage.
开展了一项纵向研究，以评估吉斯伦根灾难（2004年7月30日）对受影响人群的身体、心理和社会健康的影响。本研究探讨了与该省此前人群健康调查数据相比，因接触这场技术灾难的不同方面而导致四种心理健康障碍（MHD）发生的风险。
在灾难发生后的5个月（T1）和14个月（T2）进行调查。纳入了潜在成年受害者（≥15岁）（T1和T2时分别为n = 1027和579）。使用“症状自评量表-90修订版”（SCL-90-R）来计算躯体化、抑郁、焦虑和睡眠障碍在三个定义的暴露类别中的实际患病率：目睹人员伤亡的直接目击者（SHD）、未目睹人员伤亡的直接目击者（NSHD）和间接目击者（IW）。将这些患病率与以埃诺省居民（n = 2308）为参照人群的总体患病率进行比较。计算了心理健康共病指数。使用逻辑回归模型估计相对风险。
在T1和T2时，SHD组的四种MHD患病率远高于其他暴露组。此外，与参照人群相比，NSHD组和IW组发生四种MHD之一的风险并未增加。SHD组在T1和T2时躯体化风险高5倍，抑郁和睡眠障碍风险约高4倍，焦虑障碍风险高5至6倍。此外，他们患所有精神障碍的几率分别高出13倍和17倍。
本研究提醒人们注意，在直接接触人员伤亡的幸存者中，心理健康问题明显更为普遍且持续时间更长。
