Baltich Jennifer, Maurer Christian, Nigg Benno M
Human Performance Laboratory (HPL), Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 21;10(4):e0125196. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125196. eCollection 2015.
To date it has been thought that shoe midsole hardness does not affect vertical impact peak forces during running. This conclusion is based partially on results from experimental data using homogeneous samples of participants that found no difference in vertical impact peaks when running in shoes with different midsole properties. However, it is currently unknown how apparent joint stiffness is affected by shoe midsole hardness. An increase in apparent joint stiffness could result in a harder landing, which should result in increased vertical impact peaks during running. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of shoe midsole hardness on apparent ankle and knee joint stiffness and the associated vertical ground reaction force for age and sex subgroups during heel-toe running. 93 runners (male and female) aged 16-75 years ran at 3.33 ± 0.15 m/s on a 30 m-long runway with soft, medium and hard midsole shoes. The vertical impact peak increased as the shoe midsole hardness decreased (mean(SE); soft: 1.70BW(0.03), medium: 1.64BW(0.03), hard: 1.54BW(0.03)). Similar results were found for the apparent ankle joint stiffness where apparent stiffness increased as the shoe midsole hardness decreased (soft: 2.08BWm/º x 100 (0.05), medium: 1.92 BWm/º x 100 (0.05), hard: 1.85 BWm/º x 100 (0.05)). Apparent knee joint stiffness increased for soft (1.06BWm/º x 100 (0.04)) midsole compared to the medium (0.95BWm/º x 100 (0.04)) and hard (0.96BWm/º x 100 (0.04)) midsoles for female participants. The results from this study confirm that shoe midsole hardness can have an effect on vertical impact force peaks and that this may be connected to the hardness of the landing. The results from this study may provide useful information regarding the development of cushioning guidelines for running shoes.
迄今为止，人们一直认为跑鞋中底硬度不会影响跑步时的垂直冲击峰值力。这一结论部分基于使用参与者同质样本的实验数据结果，该结果发现，穿着具有不同中底特性的鞋子跑步时，垂直冲击峰值没有差异。然而，目前尚不清楚鞋子中底硬度如何影响表观关节刚度。表观关节刚度的增加可能会导致着地更硬，这应该会导致跑步时垂直冲击峰值增加。本研究的目的是量化跑鞋中底硬度对足跟到足尖跑步时不同年龄和性别的亚组的表观踝关节和膝关节刚度以及相关垂直地面反作用力的影响。93名年龄在16 - 75岁之间的跑步者（男性和女性）在一条30米长的跑道上，以3.33±0.15米/秒的速度穿着中底软、中、硬的鞋子跑步。随着跑鞋中底硬度降低，垂直冲击峰值增加（平均值（标准误）；软：1.70体重（0.03），中：1.64体重（0.03），硬：1.54体重（0.03））。在表观踝关节刚度方面也发现了类似结果，即随着跑鞋中底硬度降低，表观刚度增加（软：2.08体重米/度×100（0.05），中：1.92体重米/度×100（0.05），硬：1.85体重米/度×100（0.05））。与中底为中（0.95体重米/度×100（0.04））和硬（0.96体重米/度×100（0.04））的跑鞋相比，女性参与者穿着中底软（1.06体重米/度×100（0.04））的跑鞋时，表观膝关节刚度增加。本研究结果证实，跑鞋中底硬度会对垂直冲击力峰值产生影响，并且这可能与着地的硬度有关。本研究结果可能为跑鞋缓冲指南的制定提供有用信息。
