†Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
‡Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Jun 2;49(11):7012-20. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00452. Epub 2015 May 19.
Limited direct measurements of criteria pollutants emissions and precursors, as well as natural gas constituents, from Marcellus shale gas development activities contribute to uncertainty about their atmospheric impact. Real-time measurements were made with the Aerodyne Research Inc. Mobile Laboratory to characterize emission rates of atmospheric pollutants. Sites investigated include production well pads, a well pad with a drill rig, a well completion, and compressor stations. Tracer release ratio methods were used to estimate emission rates. A first-order correction factor was developed to account for errors introduced by fenceline tracer release. In contrast to observations from other shale plays, elevated volatile organic compounds, other than CH4 and C2H6, were generally not observed at the investigated sites. Elevated submicrometer particle mass concentrations were also generally not observed. Emission rates from compressor stations ranged from 0.006 to 0.162 tons per day (tpd) for NOx, 0.029 to 0.426 tpd for CO, and 67.9 to 371 tpd for CO2. CH4 and C2H6 emission rates from compressor stations ranged from 0.411 to 4.936 tpd and 0.023 to 0.062 tpd, respectively. Although limited in sample size, this study provides emission rate estimates for some processes in a newly developed natural gas resource and contributes valuable comparisons to other shale gas studies.
从马塞勒斯页岩气开发活动中对污染物排放和前体物以及天然气成分的直接测量有限，这导致了对其大气影响的不确定性。利用 Aerodyne Research Inc. 移动实验室进行了实时测量，以表征大气污染物的排放速率。调查的地点包括生产井场、带有钻机的井场、完井和压缩机站。使用示踪剂释放比方法来估计排放速率。开发了一阶修正因子来弥补围栏示踪剂释放带来的误差。与其他页岩气田的观测结果相比，在所调查的地点通常未观察到除 CH4 和 C2H6 之外的挥发性有机化合物的升高。亚微米颗粒质量浓度的升高也通常未被观察到。压缩机站的排放速率范围为 NOx 为 0.006 至 0.162 吨/天（tpd），CO 为 0.029 至 0.426 tpd，CO2 为 67.9 至 371 tpd。压缩机站的 CH4 和 C2H6 排放速率范围分别为 0.411 至 4.936 tpd 和 0.023 至 0.062 tpd。尽管样本量有限，但本研究提供了新开发天然气资源中一些过程的排放速率估计值，并与其他页岩气研究进行了有价值的比较。
