Highly stereoselective β-mannopyranosylation via the 1-α-glycosyloxy-isochromenylium-4-gold(I) intermediates.

While the gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation reaction with 4,6-O-benzylidene tethered mannosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoates as donors falls squarely into the category of the Crich-type β-selective mannosylation when Ph3 PAuOTf is used as the catalyst, in that the mannosyl α-triflates are invoked, replacement of the (-) OTf in the gold(I) complex with less nucleophilic counter anions (i.e., (-) NTf2 , (-) SbF6 , (-) BF4 , and (-) BAr4 (F) ) leads to complete loss of β-selectivity with the mannosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoate β-donors. Nevertheless, with the α-donors, the mannosylation reactions under the catalysis of Ph3 PAuBAr4 (F) (BAr4 (F) =tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate) are especially highly β-selective and accommodate a broad scope of substrates; these include glycosylation with mannosyl donors installed with a bulky TBS group at O3, donors bearing 4,6-di-O-benzoyl groups, and acceptors known as sterically unmatched or hindered. For the ortho-alkynylbenzoate β-donors, an anomerization and glycosylation sequence can also ensure the highly β-selective mannosylation. The 1-α-mannosyloxy-isochromenylium-4-gold(I) complex (Cα), readily generated upon activation of the α-mannosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoate (1 α) with Ph3 PAuBAr4 (F) at -35 °C, was well characterized by NMR spectroscopy; the occurrence of this species accounts for the high β-selectivity in the present mannosylation.