中欧地区传播猫立克次体的猫蚤（猫栉首蚤）和狗蚤（犬栉首蚤）的形态学与分子综合鉴定
Integrated morphological and molecular identification of cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and dog fleas (Ctenocephalides canis) vectoring Rickettsia felis in central Europe.
作者信息
Lawrence Andrea L, Hii Sze-Fui, Jirsová Dagmar, Panáková Lucia, Ionică Angela M, Gilchrist Katrina, Modrý David, Mihalca Andrei D, Webb Cameron E, Traub Rebecca J, Šlapeta Jan
机构信息
Faculty of Veterinary Science, McMaster Building B14, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney & Pathology West - ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
出版信息
Vet Parasitol. 2015 Jun 15;210(3-4):215-23. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.03.029. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
Fleas of the genus Ctenocephalides are the most common ectoparasites infesting dogs and cats world-wide. The species Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis are competent vectors for zoonotic pathogens such as Rickettsia felis and Bartonella spp. Improved knowledge on the diversity and phylogenetics of fleas is important for understanding flea-borne pathogen transmission cycles. Fleas infesting privately owned dogs and cats from the Czech Republic (n=97) and Romania (n=66) were subjected to morphological and molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis. There were a total of 59 (60.82%) cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis), 30 (30.93%) dog fleas (Ctenocephalides canis), 7 (7.22%) European chicken fleas (Ceratophyllus gallinae) and 1 (1.03%) northern rat flea (Nosopsyllus fasciatus) collected in the Czech Republic. Both C. canis and C. felis felis were identified in Romania. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing at the cox1 gene on a cohort of 40 fleas revealed the cosmopolitan C. felis felis clade represented by cox1 haplotype 1 is present in the Czech Republic. A new C. felis felis clade from both the Czech Republic and Romania is also reported. A high proportion of C. canis was observed from dogs and cats in the current study and phylogeny revealed that C. canis forms a sister clade to the oriental cat flea Ctenocephalides orientis (syn. C. felis orientis). Out of 33 fleas tested, representing C. felis felis, C. canis and Ce. gallinae, 7 (21.2%) were positive for R. felis using diagnostic real-time PCR targeting the gltA gene and a conventional PCR targeting the ompB gene. No samples tested positive for Bartonella spp. using a diagnostic real-time PCR assay targeting ssrA gene. This study confirms high genetic diversity of C. felis felis globally and serves as a foundation to understand the implication for zoonotic disease carriage and transmission by the flea genus Ctenocephalides.
栉首蚤属跳蚤是全球范围内侵扰犬猫的最常见体表寄生虫。猫栉首蚤和犬栉首蚤是立克次氏体猫亚种和巴尔通体属等人畜共患病原体的有效传播媒介。增进对跳蚤多样性和系统发育学的了解对于理解跳蚤传播病原体的循环至关重要。对来自捷克共和国（n = 97）和罗马尼亚（n = 66）的私人饲养犬猫身上的跳蚤进行了形态学、分子鉴定和系统发育分析。在捷克共和国共采集到59只（60.82%）猫蚤（猫栉首蚤指名亚种）、30只（30.93%）犬蚤（犬栉首蚤）、7只（7.22%）欧洲鸡蚤（鸡角叶蚤）和1只（1.03%）北方鼠蚤（具带病蚤）。在罗马尼亚鉴定出了犬栉首蚤和猫栉首蚤指名亚种。对一组40只跳蚤的细胞色素氧化酶亚基1（cox1）基因进行线粒体DNA测序，结果显示以cox1单倍型1为代表的世界性猫栉首蚤指名亚种分支存在于捷克共和国。还报告了来自捷克共和国和罗马尼亚的一个新的猫栉首蚤指名亚种分支。在本研究中，从犬猫身上观察到高比例的犬栉首蚤，系统发育分析表明犬栉首蚤与东方猫蚤（东方栉首蚤，同义名：东方猫栉首蚤）形成姐妹分支。在代表猫栉首蚤指名亚种、犬栉首蚤和鸡角叶蚤的33只测试跳蚤中，使用针对gltA基因的诊断性实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）和针对ompB基因的常规PCR检测，7只（21.2%）立克次氏体猫亚种呈阳性。使用针对ssrA基因的诊断性实时PCR检测方法，没有样本检测出巴尔通体属呈阳性。本研究证实了全球范围内猫栉首蚤指名亚种的高遗传多样性，并为理解栉首蚤属跳蚤携带和传播人畜共患病的影响奠定了基础。
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