Madsen Tracy E, Baird Katie A, Silver Brian, Gjelsvik Annie
Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015 Jul;24(7):1540-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.017. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
The impact of gender on knowledge of stroke warning signs and preparedness is poorly understood, and gender-specific factors associated with poor knowledge of stroke warning signs have not been identified.
This was a cross-sectional study of 132,604 participants in the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey, a national telephone survey. Adults aged 18 years or older who lived in one of 19 states that administered an optional stroke module asking them to correctly identify stroke symptoms and the correct action to take were included. The primary outcome was a low score (≤ 4 of 7) on the Stroke Symptoms Knowledge Scale (SSKS). Logistic regression was performed for the overall sample and then stratified by gender, with adjustments made for age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, income, and whether respondents had a primary doctor (PMD). Data were weighted as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control.
In all, 51.7% of the weighted sample was women. Less women than men had low scores on the SSKS (21% versus 25%, P < .001). After adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, income, and PMD, men had higher odds of having low scores (adjusted odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-1.45). After stratifying by gender, Hispanic ethnicity, and age younger than 35 years predicted low scores on the scale in women but not in men.
Female gender is associated with better knowledge of stroke warning signs, but a gender-specific approach identified Hispanic women, young women, and black participants as subgroups at risk for having poor knowledge, suggesting the need for targeted stroke education to increase stroke preparedness in these groups.
性别对中风预警信号知识及防范意识的影响尚不清楚，与中风预警信号知识欠缺相关的性别特异性因素也未得到确认。
这是一项针对2009年行为危险因素监测系统调查中132,604名参与者的横断面研究，该调查为全国性电话调查。纳入年龄在18岁及以上、居住在19个州之一的成年人，这些州进行了一项可选的中风模块调查，要求他们正确识别中风症状及应采取的正确措施。主要结局是中风症状知识量表（SSKS）得分较低（≤7分中的4分）。对整个样本进行逻辑回归分析，然后按性别分层，并对年龄、种族、西班牙裔、收入以及受访者是否有初级医生（PMD）进行调整。数据按照疾病控制中心的建议进行加权处理。
总体而言，加权样本中51.7%为女性。在SSKS上得分较低的女性少于男性（21%对25%，P <.001）。在对年龄、种族、民族、收入和PMD进行调整后，男性得分较低的几率更高（调整后的优势比为1.36；95%置信区间为1.28 - 1.45）。按性别、西班牙裔和年龄小于35岁分层后，西班牙裔和年龄小于35岁预测女性在该量表上得分较低，但男性并非如此。
女性性别与对中风预警信号有更好的了解相关，但一种性别特异性方法将西班牙裔女性、年轻女性和黑人参与者确定为知识欠缺风险较高的亚组，这表明需要有针对性的中风教育，以提高这些群体的中风防范意识。
