Sapin M R, Akmatov T A
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1989 Aug;97(8):41-6.
By means of the macro-microscopical method 68 preparations of the trachea and main bronchi, obtained from persons perished and died at the newborn age up to 90 years and having not any disease of the respiratory pathways by the time of death have been studied. The glands in the walls of these organs are adapted to the surrounding structures and have various topography in the cartilagenous and membranous parts of the trachea and main bronchi. The ductal openings in the membranous part demonstrate a regular longitudinal orientation. Despite the fact that during human life the sizes of the trachea and main bronchi increase, the amount of the glands during the postnatal ontogenesis remains nearly at the same or about the same level. With age, the density of the ductal opening arrangement per 1 cm2 of the mucosal membrane surface changes noticeably. Comparing with the newborn age, in the old age this parameter decreases nearly by 4 times.
通过宏观-微观方法，对68份气管和主支气管标本进行了研究，这些标本取自新生儿至90岁死亡且生前无任何呼吸道疾病的个体。这些器官壁内的腺体适应周围结构，在气管和主支气管的软骨部和膜部具有不同的形态。膜部的导管开口呈规则的纵向排列。尽管在人类生命过程中气管和主支气管的大小会增加，但出生后个体发育过程中腺体数量几乎保持在相同或大致相同的水平。随着年龄的增长，每1平方厘米黏膜表面导管开口排列的密度变化显著。与新生儿期相比，老年时该参数下降近4倍。
