Huang Guoyuan, Wang Ru, Chen Peijie, Huang Sunny C, Donnelly Joseph E, Mehlferber Jon P
Pott College of Science, Engineering & Education, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, USA College of Exercise Science, Shanghai University of Sport, China
College of Exercise Science, Shanghai University of Sport, China.
Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016 Mar;23(5):518-29. doi: 10.1177/2047487315582322. Epub 2015 Apr 21.
The purpose of this investigation was to identify a quantitative dose-response relationship for enhancing maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in healthy sedentary older adults after controlled endurance training.
This meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials included 1257 exercisers and 845 controls with a mean age of 67.45 ± 5.25 years. Effect sizes were calculated for training-induced VO2max changes. Different training regimens were analyzed and compared. The weighted net change of the mean VO2max values showed a significant increase of 3.78 ml/kg per min (95% confidence interval = 3.29 to 4.27; p < 0.0001) in response to aerobic training. Interstudy differences in VO2max changes were significantly related to exercise intensity, and explained approximately 11% of the variance of the VO2max responses. VO2max improved significantly at 35%-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) and continued improving at a greater rate with increasing "dose". The largest VO2max-improvement adaptation was achieved with a mean intensity of 66%-73% HRR. The magnitudes of the VO2max adaptation are identical to exercise at 57%-65% HRR and at 75%-80% HRR. Higher intensity doses more than 75-80% HRR did not lead to greater enhancement of VO2max improvements but, conversely, resulted in large declines.
Our data provide quantitative insight into the magnitude of VO2max alterations as affected by exercise intensity, duration, frequency, and program length. The shapes of the dose-response curves are not simply linear, but with many similar trends and noteworthy characteristics. Aerobic training at a mean intensity of 66%-73% HRR with 40-50 min per session for 3-4 day/week for 30-40 weeks appears to be effective and optimal for maximum cardiorespiratory benefits in healthy sedentary older adults.
本研究的目的是确定在健康久坐的老年人进行有控制的耐力训练后，提高最大摄氧量（VO2max）的定量剂量反应关系。
这项对对照临床试验的荟萃分析纳入了1257名运动者和845名对照者，平均年龄为67.45±5.25岁。计算了训练引起的VO2max变化的效应大小。对不同的训练方案进行了分析和比较。平均VO2max值的加权净变化显示，有氧运动使VO2max显著增加3.78毫升/千克每分钟（95%置信区间=3.29至4.27；p<0.0001）。VO2max变化的研究间差异与运动强度显著相关，并解释了VO2max反应约11%的方差。VO2max在心率储备（HRR）的35%-50%时显著改善，并随着“剂量”增加以更快的速度持续改善。VO2max改善的最大适应性是在平均强度为HRR的66%-73%时实现的。VO2max适应性的幅度与在HRR的57%-65%和75%-80%时的运动相同。高于75%-80%HRR的更高强度剂量并未导致VO2max改善的更大增强，相反，导致大幅下降。
我们的数据提供了关于运动强度、持续时间、频率和训练计划长度对VO2max改变幅度影响的定量见解。剂量反应曲线的形状并非简单的线性，而是具有许多相似趋势和值得注意的特征。对于健康久坐的老年人，以平均强度为HRR的66%-73%，每次训练40-50分钟，每周3-4天，持续30-40周的有氧运动似乎对最大心肺益处是有效且最佳的。
