Riches Nick
School of Education Communication and Language Sciences (ECLS), University of Newcastle , Newcastle , UK.
Clin Linguist Phon. 2015 Jun;29(6):482-97. doi: 10.3109/02699206.2015.1027832. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
Children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) frequently omit past tense -ed. Omission rates are subject to phonological context. Two phonological characteristics were manipulated; the sonority profile of the stem-final phoneme plus affix, and the phonotactic probability of the word-final phonemes (/i:pt/ in beeped). Seventeen children with SLI (mean age 6;7) and 21 language-matched children (mean age 4;8) repeated sentences containing regularly inflected verbs according to a 2 (sonority) by 2 (phonotactic legality) design. Affix omissions were analysed. There was a significant effect of sonority only, characterised by a difficulty with level-sonority clusters, and no interaction. Syllabic affixes, e.g. head-ed, were produced relatively accurately. It is argued that -ed omissions in SLI may reflect a low-level speech or articulation difficulty which surfaces in uniquely challenging clusters. This is not an alternative to morphosyntactic accounts; rather past tense omissions are best explained according to complexity in multiple domains; syntactic, morpho-syntactic and phonological.
患有特定语言障碍（SLI）的儿童经常省略过去式的“-ed”。省略率受语音环境影响。研究操纵了两个语音特征：词干末尾音素加词缀的响度轮廓，以及词尾音素的音位组合概率（如“beeped”中的/i:pt/）。17名患有SLI的儿童（平均年龄6岁7个月）和21名语言能力匹配的儿童（平均年龄4岁8个月）按照2（响度）×2（音位组合合法性）的设计重复包含规则变位动词的句子。对词缀省略情况进行了分析。结果发现只有响度有显著影响，表现为在响度水平相同的音丛中存在困难，且不存在交互作用。音节词缀，如“head -ed”，发音相对准确。研究认为，SLI中“-ed”的省略可能反映了一种低层次的言语或发音困难，这种困难在具有独特挑战性的音丛中显现出来。这并非形态句法解释的替代方案；相反，过去式的省略最好根据多个领域的复杂性来解释，包括句法、形态句法和语音。
