1Department of Large Animal Sciences,University of Copenhagen,Groennegaardsvej 2,1870 Frederiksberg C,Denmark.
2Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences,Groennegaardsvej 7,1870 Frederiksberg C,Denmark.
Animal. 2015 Aug;9(8):1319-28. doi: 10.1017/S1751731115000488. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
Determination of appropriate nutritional requirements is essential to optimize the productivity and longevity of lactating sows. The current recommendations for requirements do not consider the large variation between animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the amino acid recommendations for lactating sows using a stochastic modeling approach that integrates population variation and uncertainty of key parameters into establishing nutritional recommendations for lactating sows. The requirement for individual sows was calculated using a factorial approach by adding the requirement for maintenance and milk. The energy balance of the sows was either negative or zero depending on feed intake being a limiting factor. Some parameters in the model were sow-specific and others were population-specific, depending on state of knowledge. Each simulation was for 1000 sows repeated 100 times using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. BW, back fat thickness of the sow, litter size (LS), average litter gain (LG), dietary energy density and feed intake were inputs to the model. The model was tested using results from the literature, and the values were all within ±1 s.d. of the estimated requirements. Simulations were made for a group of low- (LS=10 (s.d.=1), LG=2 kg/day (s.d.=0.6)), medium- (LS=12 (s.d.=1), LG=2.5 kg/day (s.d.=0.6)) and high-producing (LS=14 (s.d.=1), LG=3.5 kg/day (s.d.=0.6)) sows, where the average requirement was the result. In another simulation, the requirements were estimated for each week of lactation. The results were given as the median and s.d. The average daily standardized ileal digestible (SID) protein and lysine requirements for low-, medium- and high-producing sows were 623 (CV=2.5%) and 45.1 (CV=4.8%); 765 (CV=4.9%) and 54.7 (CV=7.0%); and 996 (CV=8.5%) and 70.8 g/day (CV=9.6%), respectively. The SID protein and lysine requirements were lowest at week 1, intermediate at week 2 and 4 and the highest at week 3 of lactation. The model is a valuable tool to develop new feeding strategies by taking into account the variable requirement between groups of sows and changes during lactation. The inclusion of between-sow variation gives information on safety margins when developing new dietary recommendations of amino acids and protein for lactating sows.
确定适当的营养需求对于优化哺乳期母猪的生产力和寿命至关重要。目前的需求建议并未考虑动物之间的巨大差异。因此，本研究的目的是使用随机建模方法确定哺乳期母猪的氨基酸推荐量，该方法将群体变异和关键参数的不确定性纳入哺乳期母猪的营养建议中。通过添加维持和泌乳所需的量，使用因子法计算每个母猪的需求量。母猪的能量平衡要么为负，要么为零，具体取决于饲料摄入量是否为限制因素。模型中的一些参数是母猪特有的，而另一些参数是群体特有的，具体取决于知识状态。使用蒙特卡罗模拟技术，对 100 次重复的 1000 头母猪进行了每次模拟。体重（BW）、母猪背部脂肪厚度、窝产仔数（LS）、平均窝增重（LG）、日粮能量密度和采食量是模型的输入。使用文献中的结果对模型进行了测试，估计值都在需求的±1 个标准差内。针对一组低产（LS=10（标准差=1），LG=2 公斤/天（标准差=0.6））、中产（LS=12（标准差=1），LG=2.5 公斤/天（标准差=0.6））和高产（LS=14（标准差=1），LG=3.5 公斤/天（标准差=0.6））母猪进行了模拟，其中平均需求量是结果。在另一个模拟中，估计了哺乳期每一周的需求。结果以中位数和标准差给出。低产、中产和高产母猪的平均每日标准化回肠可消化（SID）蛋白质和赖氨酸需求量分别为 623（变异系数=2.5%）和 45.1（变异系数=4.8%）；765（变异系数=4.9%）和 54.7（变异系数=7.0%）；以及 996（变异系数=8.5%）和 70.8 克/天（变异系数=9.6%）。SID 蛋白质和赖氨酸需求量在哺乳期第 1 周最低，第 2 周和第 4 周中等，第 3 周最高。该模型是一种通过考虑母猪群体之间的可变需求以及哺乳期变化来制定新饲养策略的有价值工具。包括母猪之间的变异，可以为制定哺乳期母猪氨基酸和蛋白质新日粮建议提供安全边际信息。
