Chapman D A, Vorberger J, Fletcher L B, Baggott R A, Divol L, Döppner T, Falcone R W, Glenzer S H, Gregori G, Guymer T M, Kritcher A L, Landen O L, Ma T, Pak A E, Gericke D O
1] AWE plc, Radiation Physics Department, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, UK [2] Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik komplexer Systeme, Dresden 01187, Germany.
Nat Commun. 2015 Apr 23;6:6839. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7839.
A key component for the description of charged particle systems is the screening of the Coulomb interaction between charge carriers. First investigated in the 1920s by Debye and Hückel for electrolytes, charge screening is important for determining the structural and transport properties of matter as diverse as astrophysical and laboratory plasmas, nuclear matter such as quark-gluon plasmas, electrons in solids, planetary cores and charged macromolecules. For systems with negligible dynamics, screening is still mostly described using a Debye-Hückel-type approach. Here, we report the novel observation of a significant departure from the Debye-Hückel-type model in high-energy-density matter by probing laser-driven, shock-compressed plastic with high-energy X-rays. We use spectrally resolved X-ray scattering in a geometry that enables direct investigation of the screening cloud, and demonstrate that the observed elastic scattering amplitude is only well described within a more general approach.
描述带电粒子系统的一个关键要素是电荷载流子之间库仑相互作用的屏蔽。20世纪20年代，德拜和休克尔首次针对电解质对其进行研究，电荷屏蔽对于确定诸如天体物理和实验室等离子体、诸如夸克 - 胶子等离子体的核物质、固体中的电子、行星核心以及带电大分子等各种物质的结构和输运性质都很重要。对于动力学可忽略不计的系统，屏蔽仍大多采用德拜 - 休克尔型方法来描述。在此，我们报告了一项新的观测结果，即通过用高能X射线探测激光驱动、冲击压缩的塑料，发现高能密度物质中存在明显偏离德拜 - 休克尔型模型的情况。我们在一种能够直接研究屏蔽云的几何构型中使用光谱分辨X射线散射，并证明所观测到的弹性散射振幅只有在一种更通用的方法中才能得到很好的描述。
