Woolf Emily K., Cabre Hannah E., Niclou Alex N., Redman Leanne M.
Postdoctoral Fellow, Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Lab, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808.
Postdoctoral Fellow, Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Lab, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
Body weight reflects the chronic balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The pathophysiology of weight loss and gain is complex with genetic, physiological, and environmental factors contributing to a person’s ability to maintain, lose or gain weight. The inability for the body to counteract chronic caloric surplus leads to overweight and obesity. Among U.S. adults, overweight and obesity has dramatically increased over the last 60 years and, particularly within the past decade and more recently as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The prevalence of children with obesity has also continued to rise, which is a major health concern for future generations. The objective of this chapter is to review of the current state of obesity in the United States, discuss mechanisms of body regulation in humans, and present key factors that may be contributing to its global epidemic. For complete coverage of all related areas of Endocrinology, please visit our on-line FREE web-text, WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG.
体重反映了能量摄入与能量消耗之间的长期平衡。体重减轻和增加的病理生理学很复杂，遗传、生理和环境因素都会影响一个人维持、减轻或增加体重的能力。身体无法抵消长期的热量过剩会导致超重和肥胖。在美国成年人中，超重和肥胖在过去60年中急剧增加，特别是在过去十年以及最近由于COVID-19全球大流行而加剧。肥胖儿童的患病率也持续上升，这是对后代的一个主要健康问题。本章的目的是回顾美国肥胖的现状，讨论人体的体重调节机制，并介绍可能导致其全球流行的关键因素。如需全面涵盖内分泌学的所有相关领域，请访问我们的在线免费网络文本，网址为WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG。
