From the aOccupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; bNorwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; cFaculty of Technology, Sør-Trøndelag University College (HiST), Trondheim, Norway; dDepartment of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; and eCentre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Epidemiology. 2015 Jul;26(4):613-21. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000293.
Research about prenatal exposure to electromagnetic fields from cell phones among expectant parents and reproductive outcome is limited. The aim of this article is to investigate the association between pregnancy outcome and parental cell phone exposure in a large prospective study.
The study was based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted during the decade 1999-2009. In that study, pregnant women were recruited before a routine ultrasound examination during gestational week 15; they answered a questionnaire at that time and again around gestational week 30. The expectant father was invited to answer a questionnaire during gestational week 15 (2001-2009). The forms contained questions regarding cell phone use. The response rate was 38.7% and the cohort comprised 100,730 singleton births. Pregnancy outcomes were obtained by linkage to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.
The risk of preeclampsia was slightly lower among women with medium and high cell phone exposure compared with low exposure after adjusting for potential confounders. Fathers with testis exposure when using cell phones had a borderline increased risk of perinatal mortality among offspring and a slightly decreased risk of partner developing preeclampsia during pregnancy compared with no cell phone exposure of head or testis. None of the other pregnancy outcomes was associated with cell phone exposure.
We found no association between maternal prenatal or paternal preconceptional cell phone exposure and any of the studied pregnancy outcomes. The only risk estimate suggesting a potential increased risk was not consistent with other findings.
关于孕妇和准父母手机电磁辐射暴露与生殖结局的研究有限。本文旨在通过一项大型前瞻性研究调查妊娠结局与父母手机暴露的关系。
该研究基于挪威母亲和儿童队列研究，该研究于 1999 年至 2009 年期间进行。在此研究中，孕妇在妊娠 15 周进行常规超声检查前招募，此时她们回答了一份问卷，并在妊娠 30 周左右再次回答了问卷。准父亲被邀请在妊娠 15 周（2001-2009 年）回答问卷。问卷中包含有关手机使用的问题。应答率为 38.7%，队列包含 100730 例单胎妊娠。妊娠结局通过与挪威医学出生登记处的链接获得。
在调整了潜在混杂因素后，与低暴露相比，中、高暴露组的子痫前期风险略低。与头部或睾丸无手机暴露相比，使用手机时睾丸暴露的父亲，其后代的围产儿死亡率有边缘增加的风险，而其伴侣在怀孕期间发生子痫前期的风险略降低。其他妊娠结局与手机暴露无关。
我们未发现母亲产前或父亲孕前手机暴露与任何研究的妊娠结局之间存在关联。唯一一项提示潜在风险增加的风险估计与其他发现不一致。
