Masi F, Rochereau J, Troesch S, Ruiz I, Soto M
Iridra, Via La Marmora 51, 50121, Florence, Italy E-mail:
Agroenvironnement - Syntea, Lieu-dit Belle-Croix, 33 490 Le-Pian-sur-Garonne, France.
Water Sci Technol. 2015;71(8):1113-27. doi: 10.2166/wst.2015.061.
The application of wetland systems for the treatment of wineries wastewater started in the early 1990s in the USA followed a few years later by France, Italy, Germany and Spain. Various studies demonstrated the efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs) as a low cost, low maintenance and energy-saving technology for the treatment of wineries wastewater. Several of these experiences have also shown lessons to be learnt, such as some limits in the tolerance of the horizontal subsurface flow and vertical subsurface flow classic CWs to the strength of the wineries wastewater, especially in the first stage for the multistage systems. This paper is presenting an overview of all the reported experiences at worldwide level during the last 15 years, giving particular attention and provision of details to those systems that have proven to get reliable and constant performances in the long-term period and that have been designed and realized as optimized solutions for the application of CW technology to this particular kind of wastewater. The organic loading rates (OLRs) applied to the examined 13 CW systems ranged from about 30 up to about 5,000 gCOD/m² d (COD: chemical oxygen demand), with the 80th percentile of the reported values being below 297 gCOD/m² d and the median at 164 gCOD/m² d; the highest OLR values have in all cases been measured during the peak season (vintage) and often have been linked to lower surface removal rates (SRRs) in comparison to the other periods of the year. With such OLRs the SRRs have ranged from a minimum of 15 up to 4,700 gCOD/m² d, with the 80th percentile of the reported values being below 308 gCOD/m² d and the median at 112 gCOD/m² d.
20世纪90年代初，美国开始将湿地系统应用于葡萄酒厂废水处理，几年后法国、意大利、德国和西班牙也相继采用。多项研究表明，人工湿地（CWs）作为一种处理葡萄酒厂废水的低成本、低维护和节能技术具有高效性。其中一些经验也带来了一些教训，比如水平潜流和垂直潜流经典人工湿地对葡萄酒厂废水强度的耐受存在一些限制，特别是在多级系统的第一阶段。本文概述了过去15年全球范围内所有已报道的经验，特别关注并详细介绍了那些在长期运行中已证明具有可靠和稳定性能的系统，这些系统是为将人工湿地技术应用于这种特殊废水而设计和实现的优化解决方案。应用于所研究的13个人工湿地系统的有机负荷率（OLRs）范围约为30至约5000 gCOD/m²·d（COD：化学需氧量），所报道值的第80百分位数低于297 gCOD/m²·d，中位数为164 gCOD/m²·d；在所有情况下，最高的OLR值都是在旺季（收获季节）测得的，并且与一年中的其他时期相比，通常与较低的表面去除率（SRRs）相关。在这样的OLRs下，SRRs范围从最低15到4700 gCOD/m²·d，所报道值的第80百分位数低于308 gCOD/m²·d，中位数为112 gCOD/m²·d。
