Bihari Priyanka, Nayak A K, Gautam Priyanka, Lal B, Shahid M, Raja R, Tripathi R, Bhattacharyya P, Panda B B, Mohanty S, Rao K S
Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753 006, Odisha, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 May;187(5):296. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4518-2. Epub 2015 Apr 26.
Integrated rice-fish culture, an age-old farming system, is a technology which could produce rice and fish sustainably at a time by optimizing scarce resource use through complementary use of land and water. An understanding of microbial processes is important for the management of farming systems as soil microbes are the living part of soil organic matter and play critical roles in soil C and N cycling and ecosystem functioning of farming system. Rice-based integrated farming system model for small and marginal farmers was established in 2001 at Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha. The different enterprises of farming system were rice-fish, fish-fingerlings, fruits, vegetables, rice-fish refuge, and agroforestry. This study was conducted with the objective to assess the soil physicochemical properties, microbial population, carbon and nitrogen fractions, soil enzymatic activity, and productivity of different enterprises. The effect of enterprises induced significant changes in the chemical composition and organic matter which in turn influenced the activities of enzymes (urease, acid, and alkaline phosphatase) involved in the C, N, and P cycles. The different enterprises of long-term rice-based farming system caused significant variations in nutrient content of soil, which was higher in rice-fish refuge followed by rice-fish enterprise. Highest microbial populations and enzymatic properties were recorded in rice-fish refuge system because of waterlogging and reduced condition prolonged in this system leading to less decomposition of organic matter. The maximum alkaline phosphatase, urease, and FDA were observed in rice-fish enterprise. However, highest acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity were obtained in vegetable enterprise and fish-fingerlings enterprise, respectively.
稻鱼综合种养是一种古老的农业系统，是一项通过土地和水资源的互补利用来优化稀缺资源利用，从而同时可持续生产水稻和鱼类的技术。了解微生物过程对于农业系统管理至关重要，因为土壤微生物是土壤有机质的活性部分，在土壤碳氮循环和农业系统的生态系统功能中发挥着关键作用。2001年，位于奥里萨邦库塔克的中央水稻研究所为小农户和边际农户建立了基于水稻的综合农业系统模型。农业系统的不同经营项目包括稻鱼、鱼苗、水果、蔬菜、稻鱼庇护所和农林业。本研究旨在评估不同经营项目的土壤理化性质、微生物数量、碳氮组分、土壤酶活性和生产力。这些经营项目的影响导致化学成分和有机质发生显著变化，进而影响参与碳、氮和磷循环的酶（脲酶、酸性和碱性磷酸酶）的活性。长期基于水稻的农业系统的不同经营项目导致土壤养分含量存在显著差异，其中稻鱼庇护所的养分含量高于稻鱼经营项目。稻鱼庇护所系统中记录到最高的微生物数量和酶活性，因为该系统长期处于涝渍和还原状态，导致有机质分解较少。在稻鱼经营项目中观察到最高的碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和FDA活性。然而，酸性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性分别在蔬菜经营项目和鱼苗经营项目中最高。
