Booth David J, Gribben Paul, Parkinson Kerryn
Fish Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2015 Jun 15;95(1):362-4. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.004. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
In urban areas, cigarette butts are the most common discarded refuse articles. In marine intertidal zones, they often fall into tidepools. We tested how common intertidal molluscs were affected by butt leachate in a laboratory experiment, where snails were exposed to various leachate concentrations. Mortality was very high, with all species showing 100% mortality at the full leachate concentration (5 butts per litre and 2h soak time) after 8days. However, Austrocochlea porcata showed higher mortality than the other 2 species at lower concentrations (10%, 25%) which may affect the relative abundance of the 3 snails under different concentrations of leachate pollution. Also, sublethal effects of leachate on snail activity were observed, with greater activity of Nerita atramentosa than the other 2 species at higher concentrations, suggesting it is more resilient than the other 2 species. While human health concerns predominate with respect to smoking, we show strong lethal and sublethal (via behavioural modifications) impacts of discarded butts on intertidal organisms, with even closely-related taxa responding differently.
在城市地区，烟头是最常见的丢弃垃圾物品。在海洋潮间带，它们常常落入潮池。我们在实验室实验中测试了潮间带软体动物受烟头渗滤液影响的普遍程度，实验中蜗牛被暴露于不同浓度的渗滤液中。死亡率非常高，在8天后，所有物种在全渗滤液浓度（每升5个烟头，浸泡2小时）下都显示出100%的死亡率。然而，在较低浓度（10%、25%）下，澳洲黑唇螺的死亡率高于其他两个物种，这可能会影响不同渗滤液污染浓度下这三种蜗牛的相对丰度。此外，还观察到渗滤液对蜗牛活动的亚致死效应，在较高浓度下，黑纹荔枝螺的活动比其他两个物种更活跃，这表明它比其他两个物种更具恢复力。虽然吸烟主要涉及人类健康问题，但我们表明，丢弃的烟头对潮间带生物具有强烈的致死和亚致死（通过行为改变）影响，即使是亲缘关系密切的分类群反应也不同。
