Wainwright Peter C, McGee Matthew D, Longo Sarah J, Hernandez L Patricia
*Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
*Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Integr Comp Biol. 2015 Jul;55(1):134-45. doi: 10.1093/icb/icv026. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
We review the origins, prominent innovations, and major patterns of diversification in suction feeding by vertebrates. Non-vertebrate chordates and larval lamprey suspension-feed by capturing small particles in pharyngeal mucous. In most of these lineages the gentle flows that transport particles are generated by buccal cilia, although larval lamprey and thaliacean urochordates have independently evolved a weak buccal pump to generate an oscillating flow of water that is powered by elastic recovery of the pharynx following compression by buccal muscles. The evolution of jaws and the hyoid facilitated powerful buccal expansion and high-performance suction feeding as found today throughout aquatic vertebrates. We highlight three major innovations in suction feeding. Most vertebrate suction feeders have mechanisms that occlude the corners of the open mouth during feeding. This produces a planar opening that is often nearly circular in shape. Both features contribute to efficient flow of water into the mouth and help direct the flow to the area directly in front of the mouth's aperture. Among several functions that have been identified for protrusion of the upper jaw, is an increase in the hydrodynamic forces that suction feeders exert on their prey. Protrusion of the upper jaw has evolved five times in ray-finned fishes, including in two of the most successful teleost radiations, cypriniforms and acanthomorphs, and is found in about 60% of living teleost species. Diversification of the mechanisms of suction feeding and of feeding behavior reveals that suction feeders with high capacity for suction rarely approach their prey rapidly, while slender-bodied predators with low capacity for suction show the full range of attack speeds. We hypothesize that a dominant axis of diversification among suction feeders involves a trade-off between the forces that are exerted on prey and the volume of water that is ingested.
我们回顾了脊椎动物吸食式进食的起源、显著创新以及主要的多样化模式。无脊椎脊索动物和幼体七鳃鳗通过在咽部黏液中捕获小颗粒进行悬浮进食。在这些谱系中的大多数，输送颗粒的平缓水流是由颊部纤毛产生的，尽管幼体七鳃鳗和海樽类尾索动物已经独立进化出一种微弱的颊部泵，以产生一种振荡水流，该水流由颊部肌肉压缩后咽部的弹性恢复提供动力。颌骨和舌骨的进化促成了强大的颊部扩张和如今在所有水生脊椎动物中都能见到的高效吸食式进食。我们强调了吸食式进食的三项主要创新。大多数脊椎动物吸食式进食者在进食时都有封闭张开嘴巴角落的机制。这产生了一个通常近乎圆形的平面开口。这两个特征都有助于水高效地流入口腔，并有助于将水流引导至口腔开口正前方的区域。在上颌前突已被确定的几种功能中，有一种是增加吸食式进食者对猎物施加的水动力。上颌前突在辐鳍鱼类中已经独立进化了五次，包括在两个最成功的硬骨鱼辐射类群——鲤形目和棘鳍类中，并且在大约60%的现存硬骨鱼物种中都有发现。吸食式进食机制和进食行为的多样化表明，具有高吸食能力的吸食式进食者很少迅速接近它们的猎物，而吸食能力低的细长型捕食者则展现出各种攻击速度。我们推测，吸食式进食者多样化的一个主导轴涉及在对猎物施加力和摄入水量之间的权衡。
