School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street SL-18, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2015 Jun;17(6):484. doi: 10.1007/s11908-015-0484-7.
Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world. It was once thought to be a nuisance STI, but it is now being recognized as an important source of reproductive morbidity and a facilitator of HIV transmission and acquisition, and thus it is an important public health problem. The prevalence of T. vaginalis varies greatly by geography and risk group, but is more common among persons of African descent and appears to increase with age, though this may be a screening phenomenon. Wet mount and culture are simple diagnostics, but have lower sensitivity than nucleic acid amplification techniques presently approved for women only. Single dose (2 g) metronidazole (MTZ) for both the index patient and their sexual partners is the preferred treatment. High rates of retest positivity are found after single-dose treatment which are likely due to clinical resistance rather than re-infection and/or drug resistance.
阴道毛滴虫是世界上最常见的非病毒性性传播感染（STI）。它曾经被认为是一种滋扰性 STI，但现在被认为是生殖病态的一个重要来源，也是 HIV 传播和获得的促进因素，因此它是一个重要的公共卫生问题。阴道毛滴虫的流行率因地理位置和风险群体而异，但在非洲裔人群中更为常见，而且似乎随着年龄的增长而增加，尽管这可能是一种筛查现象。湿片检查和培养是简单的诊断方法，但敏感性低于目前仅批准用于女性的核酸扩增技术。对于索引患者及其性伴侣，单剂量（2 克）甲硝唑（MTZ）是首选治疗方法。单剂量治疗后发现复阳率很高，这可能是由于临床耐药而不是再感染和/或耐药所致。
