Gursky Sharon
Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Tex., USA.
Folia Primatol (Basel). 2015;86(3):153-63. doi: 10.1159/000371885. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
Although the vocalizations of spectral tarsiers have been studied for over 3 decades by numerous primatologists, the data in this paper represent the first evidence that this species communicates in the ultrasonic range. In addition, this paper characterizes the types of ultrasonic vocalizations by spectral tarsiers, Tarsius spectrum. Data were collected at Tangkoko Nature Reserve in Sulawesi, Indonesia, from January through April 2013. Recordings were made on a Wildlife Acoustics Ultrasonic Song Meter BAT2 from 10 groups of varying sizes and compositions. The ultrasonic recorder was placed at the base of the group's sleeping tree and recorded from 5.00 to 7.00 h using an omnidirectional microphone. The ultrasonic vocalizations fell into 5 main categories: chirps, twitters, choruses, doubles and whistles. Chirps were the most frequent ultrasonic vocalizations, followed by twitters, choruses, doubles and then whistles. While chirps, twitters and choruses extended from the audible to the ultrasonic range, the doubles and whistles were pure ultrasound. Currently, the function of these ultrasonic vocalizations is not yet clear and requires additional research.
尽管众多灵长类动物学家对眼镜猴的发声进行了30多年的研究，但本文中的数据首次证明了该物种能在超声范围内进行交流。此外，本文还描述了眼镜猴（Tarsius spectrum）发出的超声发声的类型。数据于2013年1月至4月在印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛的唐可可自然保护区收集。使用Wildlife Acoustics超声波歌曲测量仪BAT2对10个大小和组成各异的群体进行了记录。超声波记录仪放置在群体睡觉的树的底部，使用全向麦克风在5:00至7:00进行记录。超声发声主要分为5类：啁啾声、颤鸣声、合唱声、双声和哨声。啁啾声是最常见的超声发声，其次是颤鸣声、合唱声、双声，然后是哨声。虽然啁啾声、颤鸣声和合唱声从可听范围延伸到超声范围，但双声和哨声是纯超声波。目前，这些超声发声的功能尚不清楚，需要进一步研究。
