Palmer Amanda C, Schulze Kerry J, Khatry Subarna K, De Luca Luigi M, West Keith P
Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Nutrition. 2015 Jun;31(6):813-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.11.016. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
B1a lymphocytes-which constitutively produce most natural antibodies (NAb)-arise from an early wave of progenitors unique to fetal life. Vitamin A regulates early lymphopoiesis. In animals, deficiency during this critical period compromises B1 cell populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal supplementation with vitamin A or β-carotene from preconception through lactation on NAb concentrations of offspring.
Participants (N = 290) were born to participants of a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial of weekly maternal vitamin A or β-carotene supplementation (7000 μg retinol equivalents) conducted in Sarlahi, Nepal (1994-1997) and assessed at ages 9 to 13 y (2006-2008). Serum retinol was measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography at mid-pregnancy and 3 mo of age. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure children's plasma NAb concentrations at 9 to 13 y.
Unadjusted geometric mean concentrations were 20.08 U/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.82-22.64) in the vitamin A group compared with 17.64 U/mL (95% CI, 15.70-19.81) and 15.96 U/mL (95% CI, 13.43-18.96) in the β-carotene and placebo groups (P = 0.07), respectively. After adjustment, maternal vitamin A supplementation was associated with a 0.39 SD increase in NAb concentrations (P = 0.02). The effect was mediated by infant serum retinol in our statistical models. Although girls had 1.4-fold higher NAb concentrations (P < 0.001), sex did not modify the vitamin A effect.
In an undernourished population, maternal vitamin A supplementation enhanced NAb concentrations of preadolescent children. We posit that this was due to a greater allotment of B1a precursors during fetal life and a sustained higher count of NAb-secreting B1a cells.
组成性产生大多数天然抗体（NAb）的B1a淋巴细胞源自胎儿期特有的早期祖细胞群。维生素A调节早期淋巴细胞生成。在动物中，这一关键时期的维生素A缺乏会损害B1细胞群。本研究的目的是调查孕前至哺乳期母亲补充维生素A或β-胡萝卜素对后代NAb浓度的影响。
参与者（N = 290）为在尼泊尔萨拉希进行的一项整群随机、安慰剂对照试验（1994 - 1997年）中每周补充母亲维生素A或β-胡萝卜素（7000μg视黄醇当量）的参与者的后代，并于9至13岁（2006 - 2008年）进行评估。在妊娠中期和3月龄时通过反相高效液相色谱法测量血清视黄醇。采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法在9至13岁时测量儿童血浆NAb浓度。
维生素A组未调整的几何平均浓度为20.08 U/mL（95%置信区间[CI]，17.82 - 22.64），而β-胡萝卜素组和安慰剂组分别为17.64 U/mL（95% CI，15.70 - 19.81）和15.96 U/mL（95% CI，13.43 - 18.96）（P = 0.07）。调整后，母亲补充维生素A与NAb浓度增加0.39个标准差相关（P = 0.02）。在我们的统计模型中，这种效应由婴儿血清视黄醇介导。尽管女孩的NAb浓度高1.4倍（P < 0.001），但性别并未改变维生素A的效应。
在营养不良人群中，母亲补充维生素A可提高青春期前儿童的NAb浓度。我们认为这是由于胎儿期B1a前体细胞分配增加以及分泌NAb的B1a细胞数量持续较高。
