喀麦隆远北地区一个农村地区孕妇中乙型肝炎病毒感染的患病率、传染性及相关因素
Prevalence, infectivity and correlates of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in a rural district of the Far North Region of Cameroon.
作者信息
Noubiap Jean Jacques N, Nansseu Jobert Richie N, Ndoula Shalom Tchokfe, Bigna Jean Joel R, Jingi Ahmadou M, Fokom-Domgue Joël
机构信息
Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Medical Diagnostic Center, PO Box 6230, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2015 May 2;15:454. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1806-2.
BACKGROUND
Epidemiological data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women in Cameroon are very scarce, especially in the rural milieu. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with HBV infection, and the infectivity of rural pregnant women in the Far North Region of Cameroon.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in three rural health facilities of the Guidiguis health district between December 2013 and March 2014. We consecutively recruited 325 pregnant women attending antenatal consultations. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and factors associated with HBV infection. The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were determined using commercial test strips. Regression analyses were used to assess correlates of HBV infection.
RESULTS
The mean age was 24.4 (SD5.6) years. Most women were married (97.2%) and housewives (96.4%), with less than secondary education level (80%). Only 4 women (1.2%) had been vaccinated against HBV. Thirty-three women (10.2%) were HBsAg-positive, of whom 4 (12.1%) were positive to HBeAg. The prevalence of HIV infection was 2.5% (8/325). Overall, 5 (1.5%) women were co-infected with HIV and HBV. Independent correlates of HBV infection included history of blood transfusion (adjusted odd ratio 12.59, 95% CI 1.46-108.89; p = 0.021) and concurrent infection by HIV (adjusted odd ratio 22.53, 95% CI 4.76-106.71; p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in this rural milieu is high. History of blood transfusion and HIV infection are highly associated with HBV infection. The relative low rate of women positive to both HBsAg and HBeAg suggests that perinatal transmission of HBV might not be the prevailing mode of HBV transmission in this area.
背景
喀麦隆孕妇中乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的流行病学数据非常匮乏，尤其是在农村地区。本研究的目的是确定喀麦隆远北地区农村孕妇HBV感染的患病率及相关因素，以及其传染性。
方法
2013年12月至2014年3月期间，在Guidiguis卫生区的三个农村卫生机构开展了一项横断面研究。我们连续招募了325名参加产前检查的孕妇。使用经过预测试的问卷收集社会人口统计学数据及与HBV感染相关的因素。使用商业试纸条检测乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙型肝炎e抗原（HBeAg）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的存在情况。采用回归分析评估HBV感染的相关因素。
结果
平均年龄为24.4（标准差5.6）岁。大多数女性已婚（97.2%）且为家庭主妇（96.4%），教育程度低于中学水平（80%）。只有4名女性（1.2%）接种过HBV疫苗。33名女性（10.2%）HBsAg呈阳性，其中4名（12.1%）HBeAg呈阳性。HIV感染率为2.5%（8/325）。总体而言，5名（1.5%）女性同时感染了HIV和HBV。HBV感染的独立相关因素包括输血史（调整后的优势比为12.59，95%置信区间为1.46 - 108.89；p = 0.021）和HIV合并感染（调整后的优势比为22.53，95%置信区间为4.76 - 106.71；p < 0.0001）。
结论
该农村地区孕妇中HBV感染的患病率较高。输血史和HIV感染与HBV感染高度相关。HBsAg和HBeAg均呈阳性的女性比例相对较低，这表明HBV的围产期传播可能不是该地区HBV传播的主要方式。
Zotero 插件