Motoo Yoshiharu
Nihon Rinsho. 2015 Apr;73(4):666-70.
Solid tumors are generally more detected in male than female patients, except for sexual organs. However, females are dominant in biliary tract cancer, especially gallbladder cancer. Gender difference is not recognized in hematological malignancies. Selection of therapeutic agents is not influenced by gender, but nausea and vomiting as side effects of anti-cancer agents are more common in young females. Therefore, sufficient anti-emetic agents should be used especially at the first cycle of chemotherapy with highly emetic drugs such as cisplatin in order to prevent anticipatory nausea and vomiting. Furthermore, neutropenia due to the combination regimen of platinum plus gemcitabine or the monotherapy of gemcitabine or amrubicin is reported to be more frequent in females than males.
除性器官肿瘤外，实体瘤在男性患者中通常比女性患者更易被检测到。然而，女性在胆道癌尤其是胆囊癌中占主导地位。血液系统恶性肿瘤不存在性别差异。治疗药物的选择不受性别的影响，但抗癌药物的副作用恶心和呕吐在年轻女性中更为常见。因此，在使用顺铂等高致吐性药物进行化疗的第一个周期时，应特别使用足够的止吐药物，以预防预期性恶心和呕吐。此外，据报道，铂类加吉西他滨联合方案或吉西他滨或氨柔比星单药治疗导致的中性粒细胞减少在女性中比男性更常见。
