Pascoal Augusto Gil, Morais Nuno
Professor, Sports & Health Department of the Human Kinetics Faculty, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Adjunct-Professor, School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2015 May;38(4):288-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2014.10.017. Epub 2015 May 1.
The purpose of this study was to compare shoulder external rotation range of motion (ROM) during the hand-behind-neck (HBN) test and a standard shoulder external rotation test and to describe the 3-dimensional scapular motion during the HBN test.
An electromagnetic tracking device was used to assess the dominant shoulder of 14 healthy participants while performing active full ROM in a standard shoulder external rotation test in an elevated position (EREP) and in the HBN test. The humeral and scapular 3-dimensional positions at the end of EREP and HBN were compared using a paired-sample t test. A correlation analysis was performed between humeral and scapular angles to assess the contribution of scapular motion to the full shoulder ROM during the HBN test.
No significant differences were found between the HBN test and the EREP at the end-range of the glenohumeral external rotation (HBN: 15.6° ± 6.3° vs EREP: 23.4° ± 4.7°; P = .08) and on scapular internal-external rotation (HBN test: 21.2° ± 6.3° vs EREP: 15.6° ± 1.8°; P = .23). Significant differences were found in scapular upward rotation (HBN: 21.2° ± 6.3° vs EREP: 15.6° ± 1.8°; P < .01) and scapular spinal tilt (HBN: -0.4° ± 2.3° vs EREP: 8.1° ± 2.1°; P < .01). There was a positive correlation between the humeral angles and scapular internal and posterior spinal tilt angles with the HBN test.
The results of the present study showed that, in young asymptomatic participants with no known shoulder pathology, the end-range of shoulder rotation was similar in the HBN test and in a standard shoulder rotation test. During the HBN test, the scapula assumed a more internal and anterior spinal tilted position at the end-range of active shoulder external rotation. These results suggest that the HBN test may be used to assess the end-range of glenohumeral external rotation.
本研究旨在比较颈后（HBN）试验和标准肩部外旋试验中肩部外旋活动范围（ROM），并描述HBN试验期间肩胛骨的三维运动。
使用电磁跟踪装置评估14名健康参与者的优势肩，他们在抬高位置的标准肩部外旋试验（EREP）和HBN试验中进行主动全ROM活动。使用配对样本t检验比较EREP和HBN结束时肱骨和肩胛骨的三维位置。在肱骨和肩胛骨角度之间进行相关性分析，以评估HBN试验期间肩胛骨运动对全肩ROM的贡献。
在盂肱关节外旋的终末范围，HBN试验和EREP之间未发现显著差异（HBN：15.6°±6.3° vs EREP：23.4°±4.7°；P = 0.08），在肩胛骨内外旋方面也无显著差异（HBN试验：21.2°±6.3° vs EREP：15.6°±1.8°；P = 0.23）。在肩胛骨上旋（HBN：21.2°±6.3° vs EREP：15.6°±1.8°；P < 0.01）和肩胛骨脊柱倾斜度方面发现显著差异（HBN：-0.4°±2.3° vs EREP：8.1°±2.1°；P < 0.01）。HBN试验中肱骨角度与肩胛骨内旋和脊柱后倾角度之间存在正相关。
本研究结果表明，在无已知肩部病变的年轻无症状参与者中，HBN试验和标准肩部旋转试验中肩部旋转的终末范围相似。在HBN试验期间，在主动肩部外旋的终末范围，肩胛骨处于更内旋和脊柱前倾的位置。这些结果表明，HBN试验可用于评估盂肱关节外旋的终末范围。
