Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Sep;22(17):13427-41. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4562-z. Epub 2015 May 5.
The input of trace elements via atmospheric deposition towards industrial, urban, traffic, and rural areas is quite different and depends on the intensity of the anthropogenic activity. A comparative study between the element deposition fluxes in four sampling sites (industrial, urban, traffic, and rural) of the Cantabria region (northern Spain) has been performed. Sampling was carried out monthly using a bulk (funnel bottle) sampler. The trace elements, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn, and V, were determined in the water soluble and insoluble fractions of bulk deposition samples. The element deposition fluxes at the rural, urban, and traffic sites followed a similar order (Zn > Mn> > Cu ≈ Ti > Pb > V ≈ Cr > Ni> > As ≈ Mo > Cd). The most enriched elements were Cd, Zn, and Cu, while V, Ni, and Cr were less enriched. An extremely high deposition of Mn was found at the industrial site, leading to high enrichment factor values, resulting from the presence of a ferro-manganese/silico-manganese production plant in the vicinity of the sampling site. Important differences were found in the element solubilities in the studied sites; the element solubilities were higher at the traffic and rural sites, and lower at the urban and industrial sites. For all sites, Zn and Cd were the most soluble elements, whereas Cr and Ti were less soluble. The inter-site correlation coefficients for each element were calculated to assess the differences between the sites. The rural and traffic sites showed some similarities in the sources of trace elements; however, the sources of these elements at the industrial and rural sites were quite different. Additionally, the element fluxes measured in the insoluble fraction of the bulk atmospheric deposition exhibited a good correlation with the daily traffic volume at the traffic site.
微量元素通过大气沉降输入到工业、城市、交通和农村地区的情况各不相同，这取决于人为活动的强度。对西班牙坎塔布里亚地区（北部）四个采样点（工业、城市、交通和农村）的元素沉积通量进行了比较研究。使用批量（漏斗瓶）采样器每月进行采样。痕量元素 As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Ti、Zn 和 V 分别在水溶性和不可溶性的总沉降样品中进行了测定。农村、城市和交通站点的元素沉积通量遵循相似的顺序（Zn＞Mn＞＞Cu≈Ti＞Pb＞V≈Cr＞Ni＞＞As≈Mo＞Cd）。最富集的元素是 Cd、Zn 和 Cu，而 V、Ni 和 Cr 则较少富集。在工业站点发现 Mn 异常高的沉积量，导致富集因子值很高，这是由于采样点附近存在一个铁锰/硅锰生产厂。在所研究的站点中发现了元素溶解度的重要差异；交通和农村站点的元素溶解度较高，而城市和工业站点的元素溶解度较低。对于所有站点，Zn 和 Cd 是最易溶解的元素，而 Cr 和 Ti 则较难溶解。计算了每个元素的站点间相关系数，以评估站点间的差异。农村和交通站点的痕量元素来源有一些相似之处；然而，工业和农村站点的这些元素来源却大不相同。此外，在总大气沉降的不可溶性部分测量的元素通量与交通站点的日交通量有很好的相关性。
