Reynolds Simone L, Fischer Katja
*Infectious Diseases Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
Biochem J. 2015 May 15;468(1):17-24. doi: 10.1042/BJ20141506.
Catalytically inactive enzymes (also known as pseudoproteases, protease homologues or paralogues, non-peptidase homologues, non-enzymes and pseudoenzymes) have traditionally been hypothesized to act as regulators of their active homologues. However, those that have been characterized demonstrate that inactive enzymes have an extensive and expanding role in biological processes, including regulation, inhibition and immune modulation. With the emergence of each new genome, more inactive enzymes are being identified, and their abundance and potential as therapeutic targets has been realized. In the light of the growing interest in this emerging field the present review focuses on the classification, structure, function and mechanism of inactive enzymes. Examples of how inactivity is defined, how this is reflected in the structure, functions of inactive enzymes in biological processes and their mode of action are discussed.
传统上，人们一直假设催化无活性的酶（也称为假蛋白酶、蛋白酶同源物或旁系同源物、非肽酶同源物、非酶和假酶）可作为其活性同源物的调节剂。然而，那些已被表征的无活性酶表明，它们在生物过程中具有广泛且不断扩大的作用，包括调节、抑制和免疫调节。随着每个新基因组的出现，越来越多的无活性酶被识别出来，它们作为治疗靶点的丰富性和潜力也已得到认识。鉴于对这一新兴领域的兴趣日益浓厚，本综述重点关注无活性酶的分类、结构、功能和作用机制。文中讨论了无活性如何定义、如何在结构中体现、无活性酶在生物过程中的功能及其作用方式等示例。
