Leca Jean-Baptiste, Gunst Noëlle, Huffman Michael A, Vasey Paul L
Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
Section of Social Systems Evolution, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
Arch Sex Behav. 2015 Nov;44(8):2125-38. doi: 10.1007/s10508-015-0522-4. Epub 2015 May 7.
We aimed to explain the frequent and prevalent female homosexual behavior in the context of female-biased operational sex ratios (OSR) and qualified sex ratios (Q) in a free-ranging group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) living at Arashiyama-Kyoto, Japan. Our data included the average availability of sexually mature males during females' putative fertile period (OSR), the ratio of sexually mature males to sexually mature females (Q), as well as heterosexual and female homosexual solicitations and consortships collected during 13 mating seasons from 136 females. Our results did not support the "heterosexual deprivation hypothesis," which holds that female homosexual behavior is attributable to a shortage of male mates. Likewise, our results did not support the "lack of opposite-sex sexual competitor hypothesis," which holds that females have more access to female mates when male sexual rivals are scarce. Of the 11 predictions tested, only one yielded statistically significant results: we found that higher ratios of availability of preferred female partners to preferred male partners were associated with female homosexual consortships rather than female heterosexual consortships. This result supported the "bisexual preference hypothesis," which holds that female homosexual behavior is attributable to female preference for certain female mates relative to certain male mates. We conclude that when a female targets another female as a mate, it is an active choice for a female sexual partner over available male alternatives, rather than a by-default situation that occurs because males are not available as sexual partners, or because females are better able to access female sexual partners due to a scarcity of male sexual competitors.
我们旨在解释在日本京都岚山自由放养的日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata）群体中，在雌性偏向的操作性别比（OSR）和合格性别比（Q）的背景下频繁且普遍存在的雌性同性恋行为。我们的数据包括雌性假定的排卵期中性成熟雄性的平均可获得性（OSR）、性成熟雄性与性成熟雌性的比例（Q），以及在13个交配季节中从136只雌性收集到的异性恋和雌性同性恋求偶行为及配偶关系。我们的结果不支持“异性恋剥夺假说”，该假说认为雌性同性恋行为归因于雄性配偶的短缺。同样，我们的结果也不支持“缺乏异性性竞争者假说”，该假说认为当雄性性对手稀缺时，雌性更容易接触到雌性配偶。在测试的11个预测中，只有一个产生了具有统计学意义的结果：我们发现，偏好的雌性伴侣与偏好的雄性伴侣的可获得性比例较高与雌性同性恋配偶关系相关，而非与雌性异性恋配偶关系相关。这一结果支持了“双性偏好假说”，该假说认为雌性同性恋行为归因于雌性相对于某些雄性配偶对某些雌性配偶的偏好。我们得出结论，当雌性将另一只雌性作为配偶目标时，这是对雌性性伴侣的主动选择，而非因为没有雄性作为性伴侣，或者因为雄性性竞争者稀缺导致雌性更容易接触到雌性性伴侣而出现的默认情况。
