Haggbloom S J, Brewer V R
Q J Exp Psychol B. 1989 Nov;41(4):369-80.
Three experiments tested the prediction, derived from generalized frustration theory (Amsel, 1972), that habituation to behaviourally disruptive stimuli increases resistance to extinction in the runway. In each experiment, rats received initial consistent reinforcement (CRF) training and then either continued CRF (Groups C), partial reinforcement (PRF) training (Groups P), or CRF accompanied by presentations of a novel tactile, tone, or obstacle stimulus (Groups D) in Experiments 1-3, respectively. PRF increased resistance to extinction whether non-reinforcement disrupted behaviour (Experiment 1) or not (Experiments 2 and 3). The tactile and obstacle stimuli very substantially disrupted behaviour, and the tone produced a modest disruption of behaviour. All subjects habituated to the disruptive effects of these stimuli, but Group D was not more resistant to extinction than Group C in any experiment. The results suggest that non-reinforcement has unique stimulus properties, a consequence of which is that habituation to other sources of disruptive stimulation does not promote responding to non-reinforcement in extinction.
三项实验对源自广义挫折理论（安塞尔，1972年）的预测进行了检验，该预测认为，对行为干扰性刺激的习惯化会增强在跑道上的消退抗性。在每项实验中，大鼠首先接受初始的连续强化（CRF）训练，然后在实验1 - 3中，分别继续进行CRF训练（C组）、部分强化（PRF）训练（P组），或者在CRF训练的同时呈现一种新颖的触觉、音调或障碍物刺激（D组）。无论非强化是否干扰行为（实验1），PRF都增强了消退抗性（实验2和3）。触觉和障碍物刺激极大地干扰了行为，音调则对行为产生了适度的干扰。所有受试对象都对这些刺激的干扰作用产生了习惯化，但在任何实验中，D组的消退抗性都不比C组更强。结果表明，非强化具有独特的刺激特性，其结果是，对其他干扰性刺激源的习惯化并不会促进在消退过程中对非强化的反应。
