Reed P
Q J Exp Psychol B. 1989 Nov;41(4):337-53.
Three experiments investigated the effect of presenting a brief stimulus after a response sequence on the rate of lever-pressing by rats on differential reinforcement of high rate (DRH) schedules. In Experiment 1 enhanced responding was produced by a visual stimulus presented during a 500-msec delay of reinforcement compared to a condition in which no stimulus was presented. In Experiment 2 rats responded on a multiple DRH DRH schedule in which the DRH contingency was reinforced on a 50% schedule in each component. Equivalent levels of responding occurred in the components when reinforcement was signalled in one component and when the signal was presented following the non-reinforced schedules in the other components. A further group of rats received the stimulus presented after non-reinforced schedules in one component but not at all in the other component; responding was enhanced in the former component relative to the latter component. In Experiment 3 brief stimuli presented after the completion of DRH components on a second-order VR (DRH) schedule elevated response rates irrespective of whether the signal was presented paired or unpaired with reinforcement. The present data support the view that a brief signal may serve to mark a response sequence in memory and facilitate instrumental performance.
三项实验研究了在反应序列之后呈现短暂刺激对大鼠在高比率差别强化（DRH）程序下杠杆按压速率的影响。在实验1中，与不呈现刺激的条件相比，在强化延迟500毫秒期间呈现视觉刺激会产生增强的反应。在实验2中，大鼠在多重DRH程序上做出反应，其中在每个成分中DRH条件以50%的比率得到强化。当一个成分中强化有信号提示，而另一个成分中信号在非强化程序之后呈现时，各成分中出现了同等水平的反应。另一组大鼠在一个成分的非强化程序之后接受刺激，但在另一个成分中根本不接受刺激；与后一个成分相比，前一个成分中的反应得到增强。在实验3中，在二阶可变比率（DRH）程序的DRH成分完成之后呈现短暂刺激，无论信号是与强化配对还是不配对呈现，都会提高反应速率。目前的数据支持这样一种观点，即短暂信号可能用于在记忆中标记反应序列并促进工具性表现。
