Künzler Markus
Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
Molecules. 2015 May 6;20(5):8144-67. doi: 10.3390/molecules20058144.
Organisms which rely solely on innate defense systems must combat a large number of antagonists with a comparably low number of defense effector molecules. As one solution of this problem, these organisms have evolved effector molecules targeting epitopes that are conserved between different antagonists of a specific taxon or, if possible, even of different taxa. In order to restrict the activity of the defense effector molecules to physiologically relevant taxa, these target epitopes should, on the other hand, be taxon-specific and easily accessible. Glycans fulfill all these requirements and are therefore a preferred target of defense effector molecules, in particular defense proteins. Here, we review this defense strategy using the example of the defense system of multicellular (filamentous) fungi against microbial competitors and animal predators.
完全依赖先天防御系统的生物体必须用数量相对较少的防御效应分子对抗大量的拮抗物。作为解决这一问题的一种方法，这些生物体已经进化出靶向特定分类群的不同拮抗物之间保守的表位的效应分子，如果可能的话，甚至是不同分类群之间保守的表位。另一方面，为了将防御效应分子的活性限制在生理相关的分类群中，这些靶表位应该是分类群特异性的且易于接近。聚糖满足所有这些要求，因此是防御效应分子，特别是防御蛋白的首选靶标。在这里，我们以多细胞（丝状）真菌针对微生物竞争者和动物捕食者的防御系统为例，综述这种防御策略。
