Department of Civil Engineering, Hydraulics, Energy and Environment, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Spain.
Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Feb 1;543(Pt B):997-1009. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.106. Epub 2015 May 6.
A portfolio of water management strategies now exists to contribute to reach water demand and supply targets. Among them, integrated water resource management has a large potential for reducing water disagreement in water scarcity regions. Many of the strategies are based on well tested choices and technical know-how, with proven benefits for users and environment. This paper considers water management practices that may contribute to reduce disagreement in water scarcity areas, evaluating the management alternatives in the Mediterranean basins of Europe, a region that exemplifies other water scarcity regions in the world. First, we use a model to compute water availability taking into account water management, temporal heterogeneity, spatial heterogeneity and policy options, and then apply this model across 396 river basins. Second, we use a wedge approach to illustrate policy choices for selected river basins: Thrace (Greece), Guadalquivir, Ebro, Tagus and Duero (Spain), Po (Italy) and Rhone (France). At the wide geographical level, the results show the multi-determinant complexities of climate change impacts and adaptation measures and the geographic nature of water resources and vulnerability metrics. At the local level, the results show that optimisation of water management is the dominating strategy for defining adaptation pathways. Results also show great sensitivity to ecological flow provision, suggesting that better attention should be paid to defining methods to estimate minimum ecological flows in water scarcity regions. For all scales, average water resource vulnerability computed by traditional vulnerability indicators may not be the most appropriate measure to inform climate change adaptation policy. This has large implications to applied water resource studies aiming to derive policy choices, and it is especially interesting in basins facing water scarcity. Our research aims to contribute to shape realistic water management options at the regional level and therefore provide information to climate change, agricultural and water policies.
现在已经有一系列水资源管理策略来帮助实现用水需求和供应目标。其中，综合水资源管理在减少水资源短缺地区水资源矛盾方面具有很大的潜力。许多策略都是基于经过充分验证的选择和技术诀窍，为用户和环境带来了切实的好处。本文考虑了可能有助于减少水资源短缺地区水资源矛盾的管理实践，评估了欧洲地中海流域的水资源管理选择，该地区是世界上其他水资源短缺地区的典型代表。首先，我们使用模型考虑水资源管理、时间异质性、空间异质性和政策选择来计算水资源的可用性，然后将该模型应用于 396 个流域。其次，我们使用楔形方法说明选定流域的政策选择：色雷斯（希腊）、瓜达尔基维尔河、埃布罗河、塔霍河和杜罗河（西班牙）、波河（意大利）和罗纳河（法国）。在广泛的地理层面上，结果显示了气候变化影响和适应措施的多决定因素复杂性以及水资源和脆弱性指标的地理性质。在地方层面上，结果表明，水资源管理的优化是定义适应途径的主导策略。结果还表明，对生态流量供应的敏感性很大，这表明在水资源短缺地区，应更加注意定义估计最小生态流量的方法。在所有尺度上，传统脆弱性指标计算的平均水资源脆弱性可能不是告知气候变化适应政策的最合适措施。这对旨在制定政策选择的应用水资源研究具有重大影响，特别是在面临水资源短缺的流域。我们的研究旨在为区域层面的现实水资源管理选择做出贡献，从而为气候变化、农业和水资源政策提供信息。
