Koudelová J, Brůžek J, Cagáňová V, Krajíček V, Velemínská J
Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
Laboratoire d'Anthropologie des Populations du Passé et UMR 5809 du CNRS-PACEA, Université Bordeaux I, Talence, France.
Orthod Craniofac Res. 2015 Aug;18(3):175-84. doi: 10.1111/ocr.12096. Epub 2015 May 8.
To evaluate sexual dimorphism of facial form and shape and to describe differences between the average female and male face from 12 to 15 years.
Overall 120 facial scans from healthy Caucasian children (17 boys, 13 girls) were longitudinally evaluated over a 4-year period between the ages of 12 and 15 years.
Facial surface scans were obtained using a three-dimensional optical scanner Vectra-3D. Variation in facial shape and form was evaluated using geometric morphometric and statistical methods (DCA, PCA and permutation test). Average faces were superimposed, and the changes were evaluated using colour-coded maps.
There were no significant sex differences (p > 0.05) in shape in any age category and no differences in form in the 12- and 13-year-olds, as the female faces were within the area of male variability. From the age of 14, a slight separation occurred, which was statistically confirmed. The differences were mainly associated with size. Generally boys had more prominent eyebrow ridges, more deeply set eyes, a flatter cheek area, and a more prominent nose and chin area.
The development of facial sexual dimorphism during pubertal growth is connected with ontogenetic allometry.
评估面部形态的性别差异，并描述12至15岁普通女性和男性面部之间的差异。
在12至15岁的4年期间，对120例来自健康白种儿童（17名男孩，13名女孩）的面部扫描进行纵向评估。
使用三维光学扫描仪Vectra - 3D获取面部表面扫描图像。使用几何形态测量和统计方法（判别分析、主成分分析和置换检验）评估面部形状和形态的变化。将平均面部进行叠加，并使用彩色编码图评估变化情况。
在任何年龄组中，形状方面均无显著性别差异（p>0.05），在12岁和13岁时形态也无差异，因为女性面部处于男性变异范围内。从14岁起，出现了轻微分离，经统计学证实。差异主要与大小有关。一般来说，男孩的眉脊更突出，眼睛深陷，脸颊区域更扁平，鼻子和下巴区域更突出。
青春期生长过程中面部性别差异的发展与个体发育异速生长有关。
