Boushab B M, Savadogo M, Sow S M, Soufiane S
Service de médecine interne, centre hospitalier d'Aïoun, Aïoun, Mauritanie.
Service des maladies infectieuses, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Yalgado Ouédraogo, Yalgado Ouédraogo, Burkina Faso.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2015 Jun;63(3):213-6. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2015.03.124. Epub 2015 May 8.
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a zoonotic arbovirosis. Among animals, it mainly affects ruminants, causing abortions in gravid females and deaths among young animals. In humans, RVF virus infection is usually asymptomatic or characterized by a moderate fever. However, in 1-3% of cases, the disease progresses to a severe form with 50% mortality.
Search for risk factors and to propose appropriate measures to prevent the potential for extension of the epidemic, and to make recommendations for disease monitoring and control.
This investigation involved human RVF cases reported between October 12 and November 20, 2012 in the area of Tagant in Mauritania. Arbovirosis diagnosis was established by the laboratory of the National Institute of Public Health Research in Nouakchott (Mauritania) in collaboration with the Pasteur Institute of Dakar (Senegal).
Of 212 subjects, RVF serology was positive in 26 (12%). Among those seropositive for RVF, 11 (42%) had severe hemorrhagic forms. The case fatality rate was 91%. A series of animal abortions (cattle, sheep and goats) was observed in the area where all but two subjects resided. Exposure to potential risk factors for RVF virus infection was found in all patients.
Mortality is very high in the hemorrhagic forms of RVF. Disease prevention is necessary by strengthening the fight against vectors, avoiding contact and consumption of organic products from diseased animals and vaccination of animals in areas where the disease is endemic. Furthermore, it is essential to establish management procedures for patients infected with the RVF virus. An appropriately equipped referral hospital is necessary, together with strengthened epidemiological surveillance by notifying all suspected cases of hemorrhagic fevers.
裂谷热是一种人畜共患的虫媒病毒病。在动物中，它主要影响反刍动物，导致怀孕母畜流产和幼畜死亡。在人类中，裂谷热病毒感染通常无症状或表现为中度发热。然而，在1%至3%的病例中，疾病会发展为严重形式，死亡率达50%。
寻找风险因素并提出适当措施以防止疫情蔓延的可能性，并为疾病监测和控制提出建议。
本调查涉及2012年10月12日至11月20日在毛里塔尼亚塔甘特地区报告的人类裂谷热病例。虫媒病毒病诊断由努瓦克肖特（毛里塔尼亚）的国家公共卫生研究所实验室与达喀尔巴斯德研究所（塞内加尔）合作进行。
在212名受试者中，26人（12%）的裂谷热血清学检测呈阳性。在这些裂谷热血清阳性者中，11人（42%）患有严重出血形式。病死率为91%。在除两名受试者外的所有受试者居住地区观察到一系列动物流产（牛、羊和山羊）。所有患者均发现有接触裂谷热病毒感染潜在风险因素的情况。
裂谷热出血形式的死亡率非常高。通过加强对病媒的防治、避免接触和食用患病动物的有机产品以及在疾病流行地区对动物进行疫苗接种来预防疾病是必要的。此外，为感染裂谷热病毒的患者建立管理程序至关重要。需要一家设备适当的转诊医院，同时通过通报所有疑似出血热病例加强流行病学监测。
