与眼镜相关的眼外伤、眼镜撞击性能及眼部防护

Hoskin Annette K, Philip Swetha, Dain Stephen J, Mackey David A

Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.

Clin Exp Optom. 2015 May;98(3):203-9. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12283.

The aim was to review the prevalence of spectacle-related ocular trauma and the performance of currently available spectacle materials and to identify the risk factors associated with spectacle-related ocular trauma. A literature review was conducted using Medline, Embase and Google with the keywords 'eyeglasses' OR 'spectacles' AND 'ocular injury' / 'eye injury'/ 'eye trauma' / 'ocular trauma'. Articles published prior to 1975 were excluded from this review because of advances in spectacle lens technology and Food and Drug Administration legislative changes requiring impact resistance of all prescription spectacle lenses in the United States. Six hundred and ninety-five individual ocular traumas, for which spectacles contributed to or were the main cause of injury, were identified in the literature. Eye injuries occurred when spectacles were worn in sports, in which medium- to high-impact energies were exerted from balls, racquets or bats and/or as a result of a collision with another player. Frame, lens design and product material choice were found to be associated with ocular injury, with polycarbonate lenses cited as the material of choice in the literature. International, regional and national standards for spectacle lenses had a wide range of impact requirements for prescription spectacle lenses, sports eye protection and occupational eye protection. Spectacle-related injury represents a small but preventable cause of ocular injury. With the increasing numbers of spectacle wearers and calls to spend more time outdoors to reduce myopia, spectacle wearers need to be made aware of the potential risks associated with wearing spectacles during medium- to high-risk activities. At particular risk are those prone to falls, the functionally one-eyed, those who have corneal thinning or have had previous eye surgery or injury. With increased understanding of specific risk factors, performance guidelines can be developed for prescription spectacle eye-protection requirements.

本研究旨在回顾与眼镜相关的眼外伤患病率、现有眼镜材料的性能，并确定与眼镜相关眼外伤的风险因素。使用Medline、Embase和谷歌进行文献检索，关键词为“eyeglasses”或“spectacles”以及“ocular injury”/“eye injury”/“eye trauma”/“ocular trauma”。由于眼镜镜片技术的进步以及美国食品药品监督管理局立法变更要求所有处方眼镜镜片具备抗冲击性，因此本综述排除了1975年以前发表的文章。在文献中确定了695例个体眼外伤，其中眼镜是造成损伤的原因或主要原因。眼外伤发生在运动中佩戴眼镜时，此时球、球拍或球棒会施加中到高冲击力，和/或与其他运动员碰撞。研究发现镜架、镜片设计和产品材料选择与眼外伤有关，文献中提到聚碳酸酯镜片是首选材料。眼镜镜片的国际、区域和国家标准对处方眼镜镜片、运动护眼用品和职业护眼用品有广泛的抗冲击要求。与眼镜相关的损伤是眼外伤中一个小但可预防的原因。随着眼镜佩戴者数量的增加以及呼吁人们多花时间在户外以减少近视，需要让眼镜佩戴者意识到在中高风险活动中佩戴眼镜的潜在风险。特别容易受伤的人群包括那些容易跌倒的人、单眼功能者、角膜变薄者或曾接受过眼部手术或受过眼外伤的人。随着对特定风险因素的了解增加，可以制定针对处方眼镜护眼要求的性能指南。