National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; Chicago Zoological Society, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Sep 15;527-528:306-12. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.016. Epub 2015 May 14.
A number of studies were initiated in response to the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill to understand potential injuries to bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that inhabit the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) estuarine waters. As part of these studies, remote biopsy skin and blubber samples were collected from dolphins at six field sites that received varying degrees of oiling: Barataria Bay (BB), Chandeleur Sound West (CSW), Chandeleur Sound East (CSE), Mississippi Sound South (MSS), Mississippi Sound North (MSN), and St. Joseph Bay (SJ). Blubber samples from 108 male dolphins were analyzed for persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations, as high levels of POPs have been previously reported in other southeastern U.S. dolphins and the potential contribution of these compounds to adverse health effects in NGoM dolphins must be considered. Dolphin blubber levels of summed POPs (ΣPOPs) did not differ significantly across sites (F-test, P=0.9119) [μg/g lipid; geometric mean and 95% CI]; CSW [65.9 (51.4-84.6)], SJ [74.1 (53.0-104)], MSN [74.3 (58.7-93.9)], BB [75.3 (56.4-101)], CSE [80.5 (57.8-112)], and MSS [82.5 (65.9-103)]. Overall, POP concentrations were in the lower half of the range compared to previously reported concentrations from other southeastern U.S. sites. Increased dolphin mortalities have been ongoing in the NGoM and have been suggested to be linked with the DWH oil spill. In addition, lung disease, impaired adrenal function, and serum biochemical abnormalities have been reported in dolphins from BB, an area that was heavily oiled. The results of this study suggest that POPs are likely not a primary contributor to the poor health conditions and increased mortality observed in some populations of NGoM dolphins following the DWH oil spill.
针对墨西哥湾北部(NGoM)河口水域栖息的宽吻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)可能受到的潜在伤害,人们开展了多项研究。作为这些研究的一部分,从六个不同程度受到溢油影响的现场采集了海豚的远程活检皮肤和鲸脂样本:巴塔利亚湾(BB)、尚德勒尔湾西部(CSW)、尚德勒尔湾东部(CSE)、密西西比湾南部(MSS)、密西西比湾北部(MSN)和圣约瑟夫湾(SJ)。对 108 只雄性海豚的鲸脂样本进行了持久性有机污染物(POP)浓度分析,因为之前在美国东南部的其他海豚中报告了高水平的 POPs,并且必须考虑这些化合物对 NGoM 海豚的不良健康影响的潜在贡献。海豚鲸脂中的 POP 总和(ΣPOPs)在各地点之间没有显著差异(F 检验,P=0.9119)[μg/g 脂质;几何平均值和 95%置信区间];CSW[65.9(51.4-84.6)],SJ[74.1(53.0-104)],MSN[74.3(58.7-93.9)],BB[75.3(56.4-101)],CSE[80.5(57.8-112)]和 MSS[82.5(65.9-103)]。总的来说,与之前报告的美国东南部其他地点的浓度相比,POP 浓度处于较低水平。NGoM 地区的海豚死亡率持续增加,并被认为与 DWH 溢油有关。此外,在 BB 地区(该地区受到严重溢油污染)的海豚中,还报告了肺部疾病、肾上腺功能受损和血清生化异常。这项研究的结果表明,POP 不太可能是导致 DWH 溢油后 NGoM 海豚某些种群健康状况不佳和死亡率增加的主要原因。