Peerenboom L, Collard R M, Naarding P, Comijs H C
Department of Psychiatry, Pro Persona, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Departement of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Affect Disord. 2015 Aug 15;182:26-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.033. Epub 2015 Apr 25.
We investigated the association between old age depression and emotional and social loneliness.
A cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons (NESDO). A total of 341 participants diagnosed with a depressive disorder, and 125 non-depressed participants were included. Depression diagnosis was confirmed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Emotional and social loneliness were assessed using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Socio-demographic variables, social support variables, depression characteristics (Inventory of Depressive Symptoms), cognitive functioning (Mini Mental State Examination) and personality factors (the NEO- Five Factor Inventory and the Pearlin Mastery Scale) were considered as possible explanatory factors or confounders. (Multiple) logistic regression analyses were performed.
Depression was strongly associated with emotional loneliness, but not with social loneliness. A higher sense of neuroticism and lower sense of mastery were the most important explanatory factors. Also, we found several other explanatory and confounding factors in the association of depression and emotional loneliness; a lower sense of extraversion and higher severity of depression.
We performed a cross-sectional observational study. Therefore we cannot add evidence in regard to causation; whether depression leads to loneliness or vice versa.
Depression in older persons is strongly associated with emotional loneliness but not with social loneliness. Several personality traits and the severity of depression are important in regard to the association of depression and emotional loneliness. It is important to develop interventions in which both can be treated.
我们调查了老年抑郁症与情感孤独和社交孤独之间的关联。
采用来自荷兰老年人抑郁症研究（NESDO）的数据进行横断面研究。共纳入341名被诊断为抑郁症的参与者和125名非抑郁症参与者。使用综合国际诊断访谈确认抑郁症诊断。使用德容·吉尔维尔德孤独量表评估情感孤独和社交孤独。社会人口统计学变量、社会支持变量、抑郁特征（抑郁症状量表）、认知功能（简易精神状态检查表）和人格因素（大五人格量表和皮尔林掌控感量表）被视为可能的解释因素或混杂因素。进行了（多重）逻辑回归分析。
抑郁症与情感孤独密切相关，但与社交孤独无关。较高的神经质感和较低的掌控感是最重要的解释因素。此外，我们还发现了抑郁症与情感孤独关联中的其他几个解释因素和混杂因素；较低的外向性和较高的抑郁严重程度。
我们进行了横断面观察性研究。因此，我们无法提供关于因果关系的证据；即抑郁症是否导致孤独，反之亦然。
老年人抑郁症与情感孤独密切相关，但与社交孤独无关。几种人格特质和抑郁严重程度在抑郁症与情感孤独的关联中很重要。开展能够同时治疗两者的干预措施很重要。
