Percutaneous cricothyroidostomy (minitracheostomy) for bronchial toilet: results of therapeutic and prophylactic use.

In the period 1984 to 1988, 2,448 patients underwent major thoracic operations in our unit. Of these patients, 144 (5.9%) underwent percutaneous cricothyroidostomy (minitracheostomy) using a 20F pediatric silver tracheostomy tube. Minitracheostomies were performed for the treatment of sputum retention in 81 patients, prophylactically in 62 patients, and as a route for high-frequency jet ventilation in 1 patient. Minitracheostomy tubes remained in situ a median of four days. Suction function was satisfactory in 99% of patients, with only 2 patients requiring subsequent suction bronchoscopy and no occurrence of tube blockage. Ninety-four percent of minitracheostomies performed were entirely uneventful. Bleeding was the most common complication (3.5%), and no instances of subglottic stenosis have occurred. During the review period, there was a significant increase in the percentage of patients requiring major operations undergoing prophylactic, but not therapeutic, minitracheostomy (p less than 0.001). This was associated with a significant decrease in the percentage of patients requiring suction bronchoscopy (p less than 0.001). We conclude that prophylactic minitracheostomy with the 20F pediatric silver tracheostomy tube is a safe and effective procedure in the prevention of postoperative sputum retention.