Bu Gui-jun, Yu Jing, Di Hui-hui, Luo Shi-jia, Zhou Da-zhai, Xiao Qiang
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2015 Feb;35(2):362-6.
The composition and structure of humic acids formed during composting play an important influence on the quality and mature of compost. In order to explore the composition and evolution mechanism, municipal solid wastes were collected to compost and humic and fulvic acids were obtained from these composted municipal solid wastes. Furthermore, fourier transform infrared spectra and two-dimensional correlation analysis were applied to study the composition and transformation of humic and fulvic acids during composting. The results from fourier transform infrared spectra showed that, the composition of humic acids was complex, and several absorbance peaks were observed at 2917-2924, 2844-2852, 2549, 1662, 1622, 1566, 1454, 1398, 1351, 990-1063, 839 and 711 cm(-1). Compared to humic acids, the composition of fulvci acids was simple, and only three peaks were detected at 1725, 1637 and 990 cm(-1). The appearance of these peaks showed that both humic and fulvic acids comprised the benzene originated from lignin and the polysaccharide. In addition, humic acids comprised a large number of aliphatic and protein which were hardly detected in fulvic acids. Aliphatic, polysaccharide, protein and lignin all were degraded during composting, however, the order of degradation was different between humic and fulvci acids. The result from two-dimensional correlation analysis showed that, organic compounds in humic acids were degraded in the following sequence: aliphatic> protein> polysaccharide and lignin, while that in fulvic acids was as following: protein> polysaccharide and aliphatic. A large number of carboxyl, alcohols and ethers were formed during the degradation process, and the carboxyl was transformed into carbonates. It can be concluded that, fourier transform infrared spectra coupled with two-dimensional correlation analysis not only can analyze the function group composition of humic substances, but also can characterize effectively the degradation sequence of these groups and identified the formation mechanism and dynamics of humic substances during composting.
堆肥过程中形成的腐殖酸的组成和结构对堆肥的质量和成熟度有重要影响。为了探究其组成和演化机制，收集城市固体废物进行堆肥，并从这些堆肥后的城市固体废物中获得腐殖酸和富里酸。此外，应用傅里叶变换红外光谱和二维相关分析来研究堆肥过程中腐殖酸和富里酸的组成及转化。傅里叶变换红外光谱结果表明，腐殖酸组成复杂，在2917 - 2924、2844 - 2852、2549、1662、1622、1566、1454、1398、1351、990 - 1063、839和711 cm(-1)处观察到多个吸收峰。与腐殖酸相比，富里酸组成简单，仅在1725、1637和990 cm(-1)处检测到三个峰。这些峰的出现表明腐殖酸和富里酸均包含源自木质素的苯环和多糖。此外，腐殖酸包含大量脂肪族和蛋白质，而在富里酸中几乎检测不到。脂肪族、多糖、蛋白质和木质素在堆肥过程中均被降解，然而，腐殖酸和富里酸的降解顺序不同。二维相关分析结果表明，腐殖酸中的有机化合物按以下顺序降解：脂肪族>蛋白质>多糖和木质素，而富里酸中的降解顺序为：蛋白质>多糖和脂肪族。在降解过程中形成了大量羧基、醇类和醚类，且羧基转化为碳酸盐。可以得出结论，傅里叶变换红外光谱结合二维相关分析不仅可以分析腐殖物质的官能团组成，还可以有效地表征这些基团的降解顺序，并确定堆肥过程中腐殖物质的形成机制和动态变化。
