Baranov A A, Namazova-Baranova L S, Albitsky V Yu, Terletskaya R N
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2014(11-12):31-8. doi: 10.15690/vramn.v69i11-12.1180.
Dynamics and causes of infant and child mortality in the Russian Federation in post-Soviet period (1990-2012) under conditions of demographic policy implementation and healthcare system reforming are presented.
Federal State Statistics Service's official statistics data (1990-2012) had been analyzed. The data was compared with similar rates of European Union countries.
It's been revealed that infant mortality decreased (more than in 2 times) (from 17.4 per thousand to 8.6 per thousand) through all its level indicators (early neonatal, neonatal, post-neonatal mortality) and due to almost all basic reasons (perinatal disorders, infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, congenital anomalies, accidents). Infant mortality rate in rural areas is higher (10.1 per thousand and 8.1 per thousand), however, the gap between rates in rural regions and in cities is decreasing. In Russian Federation the infant mortality has regional distinctions, thus Siberian and Far Eastern regions are the least advantaged areas. Mortality of children under 5y.o. is declining (from 21.3 per thousand to 10.6 per thousand), but its rate is still higher than in European Union countries (3.5 per thousand). External factors occupy the top position as a death cause of infants and toddlers; the number of clinical cases with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm increases.
Thus, improving of the system of motherhood and childhood protection in the Russian Federation has resulted in significant reduction of infant and child mortality rate.
介绍后苏联时期（1990 - 2012年）俄罗斯联邦在实施人口政策和医疗体系改革条件下婴幼儿死亡率的动态变化及原因。
分析了联邦国家统计局的官方统计数据（1990 - 2012年），并将这些数据与欧盟国家的类似比率进行了比较。
研究发现，婴幼儿死亡率在其所有水平指标（早期新生儿、新生儿、新生儿后期死亡率）方面均有所下降（超过两倍）（从千分之17.4降至千分之8.6），且几乎所有基本原因（围产期疾病、传染病、呼吸道疾病、先天性畸形、意外事故）导致的死亡率都有所下降。农村地区的婴儿死亡率较高（分别为千分之10.1和千分之8.1），不过，农村地区与城市地区的死亡率差距正在缩小。在俄罗斯联邦，婴儿死亡率存在地区差异，因此西伯利亚和远东地区是最不利的地区。5岁以下儿童的死亡率正在下降（从千分之21.3降至千分之10.6），但其比率仍高于欧盟国家（千分之3.5）。外部因素是婴幼儿死亡的首要原因；诊断为恶性肿瘤的临床病例数量有所增加。
因此，俄罗斯联邦母婴和儿童保护体系的改善已导致婴幼儿死亡率大幅降低。
