低体重学龄前儿童的执行功能：养育方式的调节作用。
Executive Function in Low Birth Weight Preschoolers: The Moderating Effect of Parenting.
作者信息
Camerota Marie, Willoughby Michael T, Cox Martha, Greenberg Mark T
机构信息
Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3270, 235 E. Cameron Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
出版信息
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2015 Nov;43(8):1551-1562. doi: 10.1007/s10802-015-0032-9.
Previous meta-analyses have identified moderate deficits in executive function (EF) in children born low birth weight (birth weight < 2500 g; LBW). The current study tests the joint contribution of LBW and parenting quality on trajectories of executive function in 1121 preschoolers (50 % boys). We estimated latent growth curve models to represent linear change in EF from 3 to 5 years of age, and tested the impact of LBW, parenting, and their interaction, on the estimated trajectory parameters. Although LBW was related to lower EF ability at all three time points (Cohen's d = 0.43-0.55), LBW children who experienced high levels of sensitive parenting in toddlerhood exhibited faster rates of improvement in EF, and were virtually indistinguishable from their normal birth weight peers by age 5. On the other hand, LBW children who experienced below average levels of sensitive parenting showed lasting deficits in EF ability. These findings suggest that sensitive parenting may buffer LBW children from lasting deficits in EF. Implications of these findings for future interventions are discussed.
以往的荟萃分析已经确定，低出生体重（出生体重<2500克；LBW）儿童在执行功能（EF）方面存在中度缺陷。本研究检验了低出生体重和养育质量对1121名学龄前儿童（50%为男孩）执行功能轨迹的共同影响。我们估计了潜在增长曲线模型，以呈现3至5岁儿童执行功能的线性变化，并检验了低出生体重、养育方式及其相互作用对估计轨迹参数的影响。尽管在所有三个时间点上，低出生体重都与较低的执行功能能力相关（科恩d值=0.43 - 0.55），但在幼儿期经历高水平敏感养育的低出生体重儿童在执行功能方面表现出更快的改善速度，到5岁时与正常出生体重的同龄人几乎没有区别。另一方面，经历低于平均水平敏感养育的低出生体重儿童在执行功能能力方面存在持续的缺陷。这些发现表明，敏感养育可能使低出生体重儿童免受执行功能方面持续缺陷的影响。本文讨论了这些发现对未来干预措施的意义。
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